Chapter 4

Question 1

Artifact

Answer 1

An outcome or result that appears to exist because of the way it is measured but in fact does not correspond to what actually occurred.

Question 2

celeration

Answer 2

The change (acceleration or deceleration) in rate of responding over time; based on count per unit of time (rate); expressed as a factor by which responding is accelerating or decelerating (multiplying or dividing); displayed with a trend line on a standard celeration chart.

Question 3

Count

Answer 3

A simple tally of the number of occurrences of a behavior. The observation period, or counting time, should always be noted when recording count measures.

Question 4

Discrete trial

Answer 4

Any operant whose response rate is controlled by a given opportunity to emit the response. Each discrete response occurs when an opportunity to respond exists.

Question 5

Duration

Answer 5

The total time that behavior occurs; measured by elapsed time from the onset of a response to its end point.

Question 6

Event recording

Answer 6

Measurement procedure for obtaining a tally or count of the number of times a behavior occurs.

Question 7

Free operant

Answer 7

Any operant behavior that results in the minimal displacement of the participant in time and space. A free operant can be emitted at nearly any tune; it is discrete, it requires minimal time for completion, and it can produce a wide range of resins rates. EX: words read in a one-minute counting period.

Question 8

Frequency

Answer 8

How often a behavior occurs. Some BA’s use it to mean rate, while others use it for count.

Question 9

Interresponse time (IRT)

Answer 9

A measure of temporal locus, defined as the elapsed time between two successive responses.

Question 10

Response Latency

Answer 10

A measurement of temporal locus; the elapsed time from the onset of a stimulus to the initiation of a response.

Question 11

Magnitude

Answer 11

The force or intensity with which a response is emitted provides important quantitative parameters used in defining and verifying the occurrence of some response classes.

Question 12

Measurement

Answer 12

The process of applying quantitative labels to describe and differentiate objects and natural events. Involves three steps- 1) Identifying the behavior to be measured, 2) defining the behavior in observable terms, 3) selecting an appropriate observation and data-recording method.

Question 13

Measurment by permanent product

Answer 13

A method of measuring behavior after it has occurred by recording the effects the behavior produced on the environment.

Question 14

Momentary time sampling

Answer 14

A measurement method in which the presence or absence of behavior is recorded at precisely specified time intervals.

Question 15

Partial interval recording

Answer 15

A time sampling method for measuring behavior in which the observation period is divided into a series of brief time intervals. The observer records if the behavior occurred at any point during the interval. Not concerned with how many times the behavior occurred or how long, just that it did.

Question 16

Percentage

Answer 16

A ratio formed by combining the same dimensional quantities, such as count or time: expressed as a number of parts per 100.

Question 17

Planned Activity Check (PLACHECK)

Answer 17

A variation of momentary time sampling in which the observer records whether each person in a group is engaged in the target behavior at specific points in time. Provides a measurement of group behavior.

Question 18

Rate

Answer 18

A fundamental measure of how often a behavior occurs is expressed as a count per standard unit of time and calculated by dividing the number of responses recorded by the number of standard units of time in which observations were conducted.

Question 19

Repeatability

Answer 19

Refers to the fact that a behavior can occur repeatably through time, one of the three-dimensional quantities of behavior from which all behavioral measurements are derived.

Question 20

Temporal extent

Answer 20

Refers to the fact that every instance of behavior occurs during some amount of time : one of the three-dimensional quantities of behavior from which all behavioral measurements are derived.

Question 21

Temporal Locus

Answer 21

Refers to the fact that every instance of behavior occurs at a certain point in time with respect to othere events, often measured in terms of response latency and inter-response time; one of the three-dimensional quantities of behavior from which all behavioral measurements are derived.

Question 22

Time Sampling

Answer 22

A measurement of the presence or absence of behavior within specific time intervals. It is most useful with continuous and high-rate behaviors.

Question 23

Topography

Answer 23

The physical form or shape of a behavior.

Question 24

Trials-to-criteron

Answer 24

A special form of event recording; is a measure of the number of responses or practice opportunities needed for a person to achieve a pre-established level of accuracy or proficiency.

Question 25

Whole-interval recording

Answer 25

A time sampling method for measuring behavior in which the observation period is divided into a series of brief time intervals. At the end of each interval, the observer records whether the target behavior occurred throughout the entire interval.