Chapter 2- Respondent behavior Flashcards
Applied Behavior Analysis
The science in which tactics derived from the principles of
behavior are applied systematically to improve socially
significant behavior and experimentation is used to
identify the variables responsible for behavior change.
What is Applied?
Focuses on the social significance of the behavior studied: Aims to change behavior so that it is more acceptable to the person(s) involved, to others, and/or to society as a whole.
What is Analysis?
Understanding and manipulating events that control behavior
Behavior
That portion of an organism’s interaction with its environment that is characterized by detectable displacement of space through time of some
part of the organism and results in a measurable change in at least one aspect of the environment
Elements of behavior
Living thing (organism), interaction with the environment, part of an organism, and displacement in space through time, and results in a measurable change in at least one aspect of the environment.
Response class
a group of behaviors of varying topography, all of which
produce the same effect on the environment.
Response
a single instance or occurrence of a specific class or type of
behavior
Technical definition of response
An action of an organism’s effector-which is an organ at the end of an efferent
nerve fiber that is specialized for altering its environment mechanically, chemically, or in terms of other energy changes.
Environment
The conglomerate of real
circumstances in which the organism or referenced part of the organism exists
Stimulus
An energy change that affects
an organism through its receptor cells
Dimensions of stimulus events
Formally, Temporally,
functionally
Stimulus class
any group of stimuli sharing a predetermined set of
common elements in one or more of the aforementioned dimensions (i.e., formal, temporal, functional)
Formal Dimension of Stimuli
Define the specific characteristics of stimuli, includes color, shape, intensity, etc. , Non social and social.
Temporal Dimension of Stimuli
has to do with stimuli
changes occurring within and across time, as it relates
to behaviors of interest
antecedent
An environmental condition or stimulus change existing or occurring prior to a behavior of interest.
consequence
A stimulus change that follows a behavior of interest
Functional Dimension of Stimuli
as to do with the degree in
which a stimulus change controls behavior
phylogenic selectionism
Reflexes within specific species develop and/or change over the course of its evolution as a result contingencies of survival
Reflex
A stimulus-response relation consisting of an antecedent stimulus and the respondent behavior it elicits. Unconditioned and conditioned reflexes protect against harmful stimuli, help regulate the internal balance and economy of the organism, and promote reproduction.
Respondent behavior
The response component of a reflex; is behavior that is elicited, or induced, by antecedent stimuli.
Unconditioned Stimulus (US)
A stimulus change that elicits respondent
behavior without any prior learning-It is the stimulus component involved in
reflexive relations
Unconditioned Response (UR)
The behavior that is elicited, or induced by
antecedent stimuli (US) without any prior learning-It is the response
component involved in reflexive relations
Reflexive Relations (US-UR)
An unlearned stimulus-response functional
relation consisting of an antecedent stimuli and the respondent behavior it
elicits
Neutral Stimulus (NS)
A stimulus change that does not elicit respondent
behavior
Conditioned Stimulus (CS)
A formerly neutral stimulus change (NS) that
elicits respondent behavior only after it has been paired with am
unconditioned stimulus (US) or another conditioned stimulus (CS)
Conditioned Response (CR)
A learned respondent that is elicited by a
previously neutral stimulus (NS) which has been paired with an unconditioned
stimulus (US) (or another [CS]), thus becoming a conditioned stimulus (CS) –
in other words, a response elicited by a conditioned stimulus
Respondent Conditioning
a stimulus-stimulus pairing procedure in which a
neutral stimulus (NS) is presented with an unconditioned stimulus (US) until
the neutral stimulus becomes a conditioned stimulus that elicits the
conditioned response (CR)
backward conditioning
When the US precedes the NS
higher order conditioning
Pairing a NS with a CS to elicit a CR
Respondent Extinction
The repeated presentation of CS in the absence of an
US resulting in the CS gradually losing its ability to elicit the CR until the CR
no longer appears in the individual’s repertoire
Contiguity
when two stimuli are experienced close together in time and/or space
(temporal/spatial) and, as a result an association may be formed
contingency
has to do with the degree in which a conditioned stimulus (CS) predicts the
occurrence of the unconditioned stimulus (US)
Behavior change tactic
a technologically consistent method for changing behavior from one or more principles of behavior
principle of behavior
A statement describing a functional relation between behavior and one or more of its controlling variables with generality across organisms, species, settings, and time.
extinction
The discontinuing of a reinforcement of a previously reinforced behavior.
conditioned reflex
A learned stimulus-response functional relation consisting of an antecedent stimulus and the response it elicits.
socially mediated contingency
A contingency in which an antecedent stimulus and/or the consequence for the behavior is presented by another person.
respondent extinction
The repeated presentation of a conditioned stimulus in the absence of the unconditioned stimulus: the CS gradually loses its ability to elicit the conditioned response until the conditioned reflex no longer appears in the individuals repertoire.
higher-order conditioning
Development of a conditioned reflex by pairing of a neutral stimulus with a conditioned stimulus.
Habituation
Occurs when a person’s repertoire has been changed such that short- and long-term reinforcers are maximized and short- and long-term punishers are minimized.
Repertoire
All behaviors a person can do, or a set of behaviors relevant to a particular setting or task.
Stimulus-stimulus pairing
A procedure in which two stimuli are presented at the same time, usually repeatedly for a number pf trials, which often results in one stimulus acquiring the function of the other stimulus.
