Chapter 2- Respondent behavior Flashcards

1
Q

Applied Behavior Analysis

A

The science in which tactics derived from the principles of
behavior are applied systematically to improve socially
significant behavior and experimentation is used to
identify the variables responsible for behavior change.

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2
Q

What is Applied?

A

Focuses on the social significance of the behavior studied: Aims to change behavior so that it is more acceptable to the person(s) involved, to others, and/or to society as a whole.

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3
Q

What is Analysis?

A

Understanding and manipulating events that control behavior

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4
Q

Behavior

A

That portion of an organism’s interaction with its environment that is characterized by detectable displacement of space through time of some
part of the organism and results in a measurable change in at least one aspect of the environment

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5
Q

Elements of behavior

A

Living thing (organism), interaction with the environment, part of an organism, and displacement in space through time, and results in a measurable change in at least one aspect of the environment.

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6
Q

Response class

A

a group of behaviors of varying topography, all of which
produce the same effect on the environment.

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7
Q

Response

A

a single instance or occurrence of a specific class or type of
behavior

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8
Q

Technical definition of response

A

An action of an organism’s effector-which is an organ at the end of an efferent
nerve fiber that is specialized for altering its environment mechanically, chemically, or in terms of other energy changes.

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9
Q

Environment

A

The conglomerate of real
circumstances in which the organism or referenced part of the organism exists

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10
Q

Stimulus

A

An energy change that affects
an organism through its receptor cells

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11
Q

Dimensions of stimulus events

A

Formally, Temporally,
functionally

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12
Q

Stimulus class

A

any group of stimuli sharing a predetermined set of
common elements in one or more of the aforementioned dimensions (i.e., formal, temporal, functional)

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13
Q

Formal Dimension of Stimuli

A

Define the specific characteristics of stimuli, includes color, shape, intensity, etc. , Non social and social.

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14
Q

Temporal Dimension of Stimuli

A

has to do with stimuli
changes occurring within and across time, as it relates
to behaviors of interest

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15
Q

antecedent

A

An environmental condition or stimulus change existing or occurring prior to a behavior of interest.

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16
Q

consequence

A

A stimulus change that follows a behavior of interest

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17
Q

Functional Dimension of Stimuli

A

as to do with the degree in
which a stimulus change controls behavior

18
Q

phylogenic selectionism

A

Reflexes within specific species develop and/or change over the course of its evolution as a result contingencies of survival

19
Q

Reflex

A

A stimulus-response relation consisting of an antecedent stimulus and the respondent behavior it elicits. Unconditioned and conditioned reflexes protect against harmful stimuli, help regulate the internal balance and economy of the organism, and promote reproduction.

20
Q

Respondent behavior

A

The response component of a reflex; is behavior that is elicited, or induced, by antecedent stimuli.

21
Q

Unconditioned Stimulus (US)

A

A stimulus change that elicits respondent
behavior without any prior learning-It is the stimulus component involved in
reflexive relations

22
Q

Unconditioned Response (UR)

A

The behavior that is elicited, or induced by
antecedent stimuli (US) without any prior learning-It is the response
component involved in reflexive relations

23
Q

Reflexive Relations (US-UR)

A

An unlearned stimulus-response functional
relation consisting of an antecedent stimuli and the respondent behavior it
elicits

24
Q

Neutral Stimulus (NS)

A

A stimulus change that does not elicit respondent
behavior

25
Q

Conditioned Stimulus (CS)

A

A formerly neutral stimulus change (NS) that
elicits respondent behavior only after it has been paired with am
unconditioned stimulus (US) or another conditioned stimulus (CS)

26
Q

Conditioned Response (CR)

A

A learned respondent that is elicited by a
previously neutral stimulus (NS) which has been paired with an unconditioned
stimulus (US) (or another [CS]), thus becoming a conditioned stimulus (CS) –
in other words, a response elicited by a conditioned stimulus

27
Q

Respondent Conditioning

A

a stimulus-stimulus pairing procedure in which a
neutral stimulus (NS) is presented with an unconditioned stimulus (US) until
the neutral stimulus becomes a conditioned stimulus that elicits the
conditioned response (CR)

28
Q

backward conditioning

A

When the US precedes the NS

29
Q

higher order conditioning

A

Pairing a NS with a CS to elicit a CR

30
Q

Respondent Extinction

A

The repeated presentation of CS in the absence of an
US resulting in the CS gradually losing its ability to elicit the CR until the CR
no longer appears in the individual’s repertoire

31
Q

Contiguity

A

when two stimuli are experienced close together in time and/or space
(temporal/spatial) and, as a result an association may be formed

32
Q

contingency

A

has to do with the degree in which a conditioned stimulus (CS) predicts the
occurrence of the unconditioned stimulus (US)

33
Q

Behavior change tactic

A

a technologically consistent method for changing behavior from one or more principles of behavior

34
Q

principle of behavior

A

A statement describing a functional relation between behavior and one or more of its controlling variables with generality across organisms, species, settings, and time.

35
Q

extinction

A

The discontinuing of a reinforcement of a previously reinforced behavior.

36
Q

conditioned reflex

A

A learned stimulus-response functional relation consisting of an antecedent stimulus and the response it elicits.

37
Q

socially mediated contingency

A

A contingency in which an antecedent stimulus and/or the consequence for the behavior is presented by another person.

38
Q

respondent extinction

A

The repeated presentation of a conditioned stimulus in the absence of the unconditioned stimulus: the CS gradually loses its ability to elicit the conditioned response until the conditioned reflex no longer appears in the individuals repertoire.

39
Q

higher-order conditioning

A

Development of a conditioned reflex by pairing of a neutral stimulus with a conditioned stimulus.

40
Q

Habituation

A

Occurs when a person’s repertoire has been changed such that short- and long-term reinforcers are maximized and short- and long-term punishers are minimized.

41
Q

Repertoire

A

All behaviors a person can do, or a set of behaviors relevant to a particular setting or task.

42
Q

Stimulus-stimulus pairing

A

A procedure in which two stimuli are presented at the same time, usually repeatedly for a number pf trials, which often results in one stimulus acquiring the function of the other stimulus.