Chapter 2- Respondent behavior

Question 1

Applied Behavior Analysis

Answer 1

The science in which tactics derived from the principles of
behavior are applied systematically to improve socially
significant behavior and experimentation is used to
identify the variables responsible for behavior change.

Question 2

What is Applied?

Answer 2

Focuses on the social significance of the behavior studied: Aims to change behavior so that it is more acceptable to the person(s) involved, to others, and/or to society as a whole.

Question 3

What is Analysis?

Answer 3

Understanding and manipulating events that control behavior

Question 4

Behavior

Answer 4

That portion of an organism’s interaction with its environment that is characterized by detectable displacement of space through time of some
part of the organism and results in a measurable change in at least one aspect of the environment

Question 5

Elements of behavior

Answer 5

Living thing (organism), interaction with the environment, part of an organism, and displacement in space through time, and results in a measurable change in at least one aspect of the environment.

Question 6

Response class

Answer 6

a group of behaviors of varying topography, all of which
produce the same effect on the environment.

Question 7

Response

Answer 7

a single instance or occurrence of a specific class or type of
behavior

Question 8

Technical definition of response

Answer 8

An action of an organism’s effector-which is an organ at the end of an efferent
nerve fiber that is specialized for altering its environment mechanically, chemically, or in terms of other energy changes.

Question 9

Environment

Answer 9

The conglomerate of real
circumstances in which the organism or referenced part of the organism exists

Question 10

Stimulus

Answer 10

An energy change that affects
an organism through its receptor cells

Question 11

Dimensions of stimulus events

Answer 11

Formally, Temporally,
functionally

Question 12

Stimulus class

Answer 12

any group of stimuli sharing a predetermined set of
common elements in one or more of the aforementioned dimensions (i.e., formal, temporal, functional)

Question 13

Formal Dimension of Stimuli

Answer 13

Define the specific characteristics of stimuli, includes color, shape, intensity, etc. , Non social and social.

Question 14

Temporal Dimension of Stimuli

Answer 14

has to do with stimuli
changes occurring within and across time, as it relates
to behaviors of interest

Question 15

antecedent

Answer 15

An environmental condition or stimulus change existing or occurring prior to a behavior of interest.

Question 16

consequence

Answer 16

A stimulus change that follows a behavior of interest

Question 17

Functional Dimension of Stimuli

Answer 17

as to do with the degree in
which a stimulus change controls behavior

Question 18

phylogenic selectionism

Answer 18

Reflexes within specific species develop and/or change over the course of its evolution as a result contingencies of survival

Question 19

Reflex

Answer 19

A stimulus-response relation consisting of an antecedent stimulus and the respondent behavior it elicits. Unconditioned and conditioned reflexes protect against harmful stimuli, help regulate the internal balance and economy of the organism, and promote reproduction.

Question 20

Respondent behavior

Answer 20

The response component of a reflex; is behavior that is elicited, or induced, by antecedent stimuli.

Question 21

Unconditioned Stimulus (US)

Answer 21

A stimulus change that elicits respondent
behavior without any prior learning-It is the stimulus component involved in
reflexive relations

Question 22

Unconditioned Response (UR)

Answer 22

The behavior that is elicited, or induced by
antecedent stimuli (US) without any prior learning-It is the response
component involved in reflexive relations

Question 23

Reflexive Relations (US-UR)

Answer 23

An unlearned stimulus-response functional
relation consisting of an antecedent stimuli and the respondent behavior it
elicits

Question 24

Neutral Stimulus (NS)

Answer 24

A stimulus change that does not elicit respondent
behavior

Question 25

Conditioned Stimulus (CS)

Answer 25

A formerly neutral stimulus change (NS) that elicits respondent behavior only after it has been paired with am unconditioned stimulus (US) or another conditioned stimulus (CS)

Question 26

Conditioned Response (CR)

Answer 26

A learned respondent that is elicited by a previously neutral stimulus (NS) which has been paired with an unconditioned stimulus (US) (or another [CS]), thus becoming a conditioned stimulus (CS) – in other words, a response elicited by a conditioned stimulus

Question 27

Respondent Conditioning

Answer 27

a stimulus-stimulus pairing procedure in which a neutral stimulus (NS) is presented with an unconditioned stimulus (US) until the neutral stimulus becomes a conditioned stimulus that elicits the conditioned response (CR)

Question 28

backward conditioning

Answer 28

When the US precedes the NS

Question 29

higher order conditioning

Answer 29

Pairing a NS with a CS to elicit a CR

Question 30

Respondent Extinction

Answer 30

The repeated presentation of CS in the absence of an US resulting in the CS gradually losing its ability to elicit the CR until the CR no longer appears in the individual’s repertoire

Question 31

Contiguity

Answer 31

when two stimuli are experienced close together in time and/or space (temporal/spatial) and, as a result an association may be formed

Question 32

contingency

Answer 32

has to do with the degree in which a conditioned stimulus (CS) predicts the occurrence of the unconditioned stimulus (US)

Question 33

Behavior change tactic

Answer 33

a technologically consistent method for changing behavior from one or more principles of behavior

Question 34

principle of behavior

Answer 34

A statement describing a functional relation between behavior and one or more of its controlling variables with generality across organisms, species, settings, and time.

Question 35

extinction

Answer 35

The discontinuing of a reinforcement of a previously reinforced behavior.

Question 36

conditioned reflex

Answer 36

A learned stimulus-response functional relation consisting of an antecedent stimulus and the response it elicits.

Question 37

socially mediated contingency

Answer 37

A contingency in which an antecedent stimulus and/or the consequence for the behavior is presented by another person.

Question 38

respondent extinction

Answer 38

The repeated presentation of a conditioned stimulus in the absence of the unconditioned stimulus: the CS gradually loses its ability to elicit the conditioned response until the conditioned reflex no longer appears in the individuals repertoire.

Question 39

higher-order conditioning

Answer 39

Development of a conditioned reflex by pairing of a neutral stimulus with a conditioned stimulus.

Question 40

Habituation

Answer 40

Occurs when a person's repertoire has been changed such that short- and long-term reinforcers are maximized and short- and long-term punishers are minimized.

Question 41

Repertoire

Answer 41

All behaviors a person can do, or a set of behaviors relevant to a particular setting or task.

Question 42

Stimulus-stimulus pairing

Answer 42

A procedure in which two stimuli are presented at the same time, usually repeatedly for a number pf trials, which often results in one stimulus acquiring the function of the other stimulus.