Chapter 13 25 and 30 Flashcards
Schedule effects
the distinctive rate/pattern of
responding associated with a particular reinforcement
schedule
Run rate
rate of responding once the organism has
resumed after reinforcement
Continuous reinforcement (CRF)
Behavior is reinforced every time it occurs
Intermittent reinforcement (INT)
Behavior is sometimes reinforced
Extinction (EXT)
Behavior is never reinforced
When to use CRF
When behavior is just starting out
When to use INT
To maintain behavior
Factors affecting Scheduels
Satiation, loss of reinforcing effectiveness, Resistance to extinction, how long a behavior continues in the absence of reinforcement
Maintenance of behavior
Refers to the lasting change in behavior
Ratio schedules
Require a number of responses before one response produces reinforcement
Interval schedules
Require an elapse of time before a response produces reinforcement
Fixed schedule
Response ratio or the time requirement remains constant
Variable Schedule
Response ratio or the time requirement can change from one reinforced response to another
Fixed ration examples
-Salespeople get rewards based on how many
products/packages they sell
-Commissions-based professions
-Realtors- every house you sell, get commission
-MLM products- jamberry, Herbalife, LuLaRoe, etc.
-Store loyalty programs: every 5th cup of coffee is
free
Variable Ratio Examples
-Door to door salesperson: every nth door leads to
a sale
-Slot machines
-Lottery tickets
-Random bonuses
Fixed Interval examples
-Discussion board posting
-Completing assignments
-Performance review periods
Variable Interval examples
-Surfer waiting for the perfect wave
-Watching shooting stars
-Calling to see if your car is ready
-Waiting for laundry to dry in the sun
-Checking social media
Resistance to extinction
The length of time the organism will continue to show the target behavior without being reinforced
Which reinforcement is not resistant to extinction?
Continuous reinforcement
Fixed duration (FD)
R+ contingent on continuous performance of a behavior for a fixed period of time
Variable duration (VD)
R+ contingent on continuous performance of a behavior for a variable period of time (around some average)
Ratio strain
Disruption of the pattern of responding due to stretching the ratio too abruptly or too far
Matching law (Herrnstein, 1961)
Given the opportunity to respond to concurrent schedules, relative
rate of responding will match the relative rate of R+ available on
each schedule
Adjunctive behaviors
Behavior that occurs as a collateral effect of a schedule of periodic reinforcement for other behavior.
Alternative Schedule
Provides reinforcement when the response requires of any two or more simultaneously available component schedules are met.
behavioral contrast
The phenomenon in which a change in one component of a multiple schedule that increases or decreases the rate of responding on that component s accompanied by a change in the response rate in the opposite direction on the other unaltered component of the schedule.
chained schedule
A schedule of reinforcement in which the response requirements of two or more basic schedules must be met in a specific sequence before reinforcement is delivered, a discriminative stimulus is correlated with each component of the schedule.
compound schedule of reinforcement
A schedule of reinforcement consisting of two or more elements of continuous reinforcement
concurrent schedule
A schedule of reinforcement in which two or more contingencies of reinforcement operate independently and simultaneously for two or more behaviors.
conjunctive schedule
A schedule of reinforcement that is in effect whenever reinforcement follows the completion of response requirements for two or more schedules of reinforcement.
continuous reinforcement
A schedule of reinforcement that provides reinforcement for each occurrence of the target behavior
differential reinforcement of diminishing rates
A schedule of reinforcement in which reinforcement is provided at the end of a predetermined interval contingent on the number of responses emitted during the interval being fewer than a gradually increasing criterion based on the individual’s performance in previous intervals.
differential reinforcement of high rate
A schedule of reinforcement in which reinforcement is provided at the end of a predetermined interval contingent on the number of responses emitted during the interval being greater that a gradually increasing criterion based on the individuals performance in previous intervals.
differential reinforcement of low rates
A schedule of reinforcement in which reinforcement follows each occurrence of the target behavior that is separated from the previous response by a minimum interresponse time or is contingent on the number of responses within a period of time not exceeding a predetermined criterion.
fixed intervals
A schedule of reinforcement in which reinforcement is delivered for the first response emitted following the passage of a fixed duration of time since the last response was reinforced.
fixed ratio
A schedule of reinforcement requires a fixed number of responses to reinforcement.
intermittent schedule of reinforcement
A contingency of reinforcement in which some, but not all, occurrences of behavior produce reinforcement.
lag schedule
A schedule of reinforcement in which reinforcement is contingent on a response being different in some way specified way from the previous response or a specified number of previous responses.
matching law
The allocation of responses to choices available on concurrent schedules of reinforcement; rates of responding across choices are distributed in proportions that match the rates of reinforcement received from each choice alternative.
mixed schedules of reinforcement
A compound schedule of reinforcement consists of two or more basic schedules of reinforcement that occur in an alternating, usually random, sequence; no discrimination stimuli are correlated with the presence or absence of each element of the schedule and reinforcement is delivered to meet the response requirements of the elements in effect at any time.
multiple schedule
A compound schedule of reinforcement consists of two or more basic schedules of reinforcement that occur in an alternating, usually random sequence; a discriminative stimulus is correlated with the presence or absence of each element of the schedule, and reinforcement is delivered to meeting the response requirement of the element in effect at any time.
postreinforcment pause
The absence of the response for a period of time following reinforcement: an effect commonly produced by fixed interval and fixed ratio schedules of reinforcement.
progressive schedule of reinforcement
A schedule that systematically thins each successive reinforcement opportunity independent of the individual’s behavior, progressive ratio, and progressive interval schedules are thinned using arithmetic or geometric progressions.
Progressive ratio schedule of reinforcement
ratio strain
schedule of reinforcement
schedule thinning
tandem schedule
variable interval
variable ratio
differential reinforcement of alternative behavior
differential reinforcement of incompatible behavior
differential reinforcement of other behavior
fixed-interval DRO
fixed-momentary DRO
Full-session DRL
Interval DRL
Spaced responding DRL
Variable interval DRO
Behavior Trap
Contrived Contingency
contrived mediating stimulus
general case analysis
generalization across subjects
generalization probe
generalization setting
generalized behavior change
indiscriminable contingency
instructional setting
multiple-exemplar training
Naturally existing contingency
Program common stimuli
response generalization
response maintenance
setting/sitiuation generalization
teach loosely
teach enough examples
