Chapter 13 25 and 30

Question 1

Schedule effects

Answer 1

the distinctive rate/pattern of
responding associated with a particular reinforcement
schedule

Question 2

Run rate

Answer 2

rate of responding once the organism has
resumed after reinforcement

Question 3

Continuous reinforcement (CRF)

Answer 3

Behavior is reinforced every time it occurs

Question 4

Intermittent reinforcement (INT)

Answer 4

Behavior is sometimes reinforced

Question 5

Extinction (EXT)

Answer 5

Behavior is never reinforced

Question 6

When to use CRF

Answer 6

When behavior is just starting out

Question 7

When to use INT

Answer 7

To maintain behavior

Question 8

Factors affecting Scheduels

Answer 8

Satiation, loss of reinforcing effectiveness, Resistance to extinction, how long a behavior continues in the absence of reinforcement

Question 9

Maintenance of behavior

Answer 9

Refers to the lasting change in behavior

Question 10

Ratio schedules

Answer 10

Require a number of responses before one response produces reinforcement

Question 11

Interval schedules

Answer 11

Require an elapse of time before a response produces reinforcement

Question 12

Fixed schedule

Answer 12

Response ratio or the time requirement remains constant

Question 13

Variable Schedule

Answer 13

Response ratio or the time requirement can change from one reinforced response to another

Question 14

Fixed ration examples

Answer 14

-Salespeople get rewards based on how many
products/packages they sell
-Commissions-based professions
-Realtors- every house you sell, get commission
-MLM products- jamberry, Herbalife, LuLaRoe, etc.
-Store loyalty programs: every 5th cup of coffee is
free

Question 15

Variable Ratio Examples

Answer 15

-Door to door salesperson: every nth door leads to
a sale
-Slot machines
-Lottery tickets
-Random bonuses

Question 16

Fixed Interval examples

Answer 16

-Discussion board posting
-Completing assignments
-Performance review periods

Question 17

Variable Interval examples

Answer 17

-Surfer waiting for the perfect wave
-Watching shooting stars
-Calling to see if your car is ready
-Waiting for laundry to dry in the sun
-Checking social media

Question 18

Resistance to extinction

Answer 18

The length of time the organism will continue to show the target behavior without being reinforced

Question 19

Which reinforcement is not resistant to extinction?

Answer 19

Continuous reinforcement

Question 20

Fixed duration (FD)

Answer 20

R+ contingent on continuous performance of a behavior for a fixed period of time

Question 21

Variable duration (VD)

Answer 21

R+ contingent on continuous performance of a behavior for a variable period of time (around some average)

Question 22

Ratio strain

Answer 22

Disruption of the pattern of responding due to stretching the ratio too abruptly or too far

Question 23

Matching law (Herrnstein, 1961)

Answer 23

Given the opportunity to respond to concurrent schedules, relative
rate of responding will match the relative rate of R+ available on
each schedule

Question 24

Adjunctive behaviors

Answer 24

Behavior that occurs as a collateral effect of a schedule of periodic reinforcement for other behavior.

Question 25

Alternative Schedule

Answer 25

Provides reinforcement when the response requires of any two or more simultaneously available component schedules are met.

Question 26

behavioral contrast

Answer 26

The phenomenon in which a change in one component of a multiple schedule that increases or decreases the rate of responding on that component s accompanied by a change in the response rate in the opposite direction on the other unaltered component of the schedule.

Question 27

chained schedule

Answer 27

A schedule of reinforcement in which the response requirements of two or more basic schedules must be met in a specific sequence before reinforcement is delivered, a discriminative stimulus is correlated with each component of the schedule.

Question 28

compound schedule of reinforcement

Answer 28

A schedule of reinforcement consisting of two or more elements of continuous reinforcement

Question 29

concurrent schedule

Answer 29

A schedule of reinforcement in which two or more contingencies of reinforcement operate independently and simultaneously for two or more behaviors.

Question 30

conjunctive schedule

Answer 30

A schedule of reinforcement that is in effect whenever reinforcement follows the completion of response requirements for two or more schedules of reinforcement.

Question 31

continuous reinforcement

Answer 31

A schedule of reinforcement that provides reinforcement for each occurrence of the target behavior

Question 32

differential reinforcement of diminishing rates

Answer 32

A schedule of reinforcement in which reinforcement is provided at the end of a predetermined interval contingent on the number of responses emitted during the interval being fewer than a gradually increasing criterion based on the individual's performance in previous intervals.

Question 33

differential reinforcement of high rate

Answer 33

A schedule of reinforcement in which reinforcement is provided at the end of a predetermined interval contingent on the number of responses emitted during the interval being greater that a gradually increasing criterion based on the individuals performance in previous intervals.

Question 34

differential reinforcement of low rates

Answer 34

A schedule of reinforcement in which reinforcement follows each occurrence of the target behavior that is separated from the previous response by a minimum interresponse time or is contingent on the number of responses within a period of time not exceeding a predetermined criterion.

Question 35

fixed intervals

Answer 35

A schedule of reinforcement in which reinforcement is delivered for the first response emitted following the passage of a fixed duration of time since the last response was reinforced.

Question 36

fixed ratio

Answer 36

A schedule of reinforcement requires a fixed number of responses to reinforcement.

Question 37

intermittent schedule of reinforcement

Answer 37

A contingency of reinforcement in which some, but not all, occurrences of behavior produce reinforcement.

Question 38

lag schedule

Answer 38

A schedule of reinforcement in which reinforcement is contingent on a response being different in some way specified way from the previous response or a specified number of previous responses.

Question 39

matching law

Answer 39

The allocation of responses to choices available on concurrent schedules of reinforcement; rates of responding across choices are distributed in proportions that match the rates of reinforcement received from each choice alternative.

Question 40

mixed schedules of reinforcement

Answer 40

A compound schedule of reinforcement consists of two or more basic schedules of reinforcement that occur in an alternating, usually random, sequence; no discrimination stimuli are correlated with the presence or absence of each element of the schedule and reinforcement is delivered to meet the response requirements of the elements in effect at any time.

Question 41

multiple schedule

Answer 41

A compound schedule of reinforcement consists of two or more basic schedules of reinforcement that occur in an alternating, usually random sequence; a discriminative stimulus is correlated with the presence or absence of each element of the schedule, and reinforcement is delivered to meeting the response requirement of the element in effect at any time.

Question 42

postreinforcment pause

Answer 42

The absence of the response for a period of time following reinforcement: an effect commonly produced by fixed interval and fixed ratio schedules of reinforcement.

Question 43

progressive schedule of reinforcement

Answer 43

A schedule that systematically thins each successive reinforcement opportunity independent of the individual's behavior, progressive ratio, and progressive interval schedules are thinned using arithmetic or geometric progressions.

Question 44

Progressive ratio schedule of reinforcement

Question 45

ratio strain

Question 46

schedule of reinforcement

Question 47

schedule thinning

Question 48

tandem schedule

Question 49

variable interval

Question 50

variable ratio

Question 51

differential reinforcement of alternative behavior

Question 52

differential reinforcement of incompatible behavior

Question 53

differential reinforcement of other behavior

Question 54

fixed-interval DRO

Question 55

fixed-momentary DRO

Question 56

Full-session DRL

Question 57

Interval DRL

Question 58

Spaced responding DRL

Question 59

Variable interval DRO

Question 60

Behavior Trap

Question 61

Contrived Contingency

Question 62

contrived mediating stimulus

Question 63

general case analysis

Question 64

generalization across subjects

Question 65

generalization probe

Question 66

generalization setting

Question 67

generalized behavior change

Question 68

indiscriminable contingency

Question 69

instructional setting

Question 70

multiple-exemplar training

Question 71

Naturally existing contingency

Question 72

Program common stimuli

Question 73

response generalization

Question 74

response maintenance

Question 75

setting/sitiuation generalization

Question 76

teach loosely

Question 77

teach enough examples