Chapter 14 and 15

Question 1

Punishment

Answer 1

A basic principle of behavior describing a response-consequence functional relation in which a response is followed immediately by a stimulus change that decreases future occurrences of that type of behavior.

Question 2

Punishment has occurred when..

Answer 2

a response is followed immediately by a stimulus change that decreases the future frequency of similar responses

Question 3

Positive Punishment

Answer 3

Presentation of a stimulus (or an increase in
the intensity of an already present stimulus)
immediately following a behavior that results in a
decrease in the frequency of the behavior.

Question 4

Negative Punishment

Answer 4

The termination of an already present stimulus
(or a decrease in the intensity of an already
present stimulus) immediately following a
behavior that results in a decrease in the future
frequency of the behavior.

Question 5

Aversive Control

Answer 5

used to describe intervention
involving either or both positive and negative punishment.

Question 6

3 term contingency for punishment

Answer 6

(1) In a particular stimulus situation (S),
(2) some kinds of behavior (R), when followed immediately by
(3) certain stimulus changes (SP), show a decreased future frequency of occurrence in the same or in similar situations.

Question 7

SDp

Answer 7

A stimulus condition in the presence of which a response has a lower probability of occurrence than it does in its absence as a result of response-contingent punishment
delivery in the presence of the stimulus.

Question 8

punisher

Answer 8

a stimulus change that
immediately follows the occurrence of a behavior
and reduces the future frequency of that type of
behavior.

Question 9

unconditioned punisher

Answer 9

a stimulus whose presentation functions as punishment without having
been paired with any other punishers.

Question 10

conditioned punisher

Answer 10

a stimulus change that functions as punishment as a result of a person’s conditioning history

Question 11

generalized conditioned punisher.

Answer 11

A stimulus change that has been paired with numerous
forms of unconditioned and conditioned punishers. free from the control of specific motivating conditions and will function as punishment under most conditions.

Question 12

Factors That Influence the Effectiveness of Punishment

Answer 12

-immediacy of punishment
 Intensity of punishment
 Schedule or frequency of punishment
 Availability of reinforcement for the target behavior
 Availability of reinforcement for an alternative behavior.

Question 13

Reprimands

Answer 13

The delivery of verbal reprimands following the
occurrence of misbehavior is an example of attempted
positive punishment.

Question 14

Response Blocking

Answer 14

Physically intervening as soon as the person begins to
emit the problem behavior to prevent or “block” the
completion of the response has been show to be
effective in reducing the frequency of some problem
behaviors

Question 15

Contingent Exercise

Answer 15

An intervention in which a person is required to perform a response that is not topographically related to the problem behavior.

Question 16

Overcorrection

Answer 16

A behavior change tactic based on positive punishment in which,
contingent on the problem behavior, the learner is required to engage
in effortful behavior that is directly or logically related to the
problem.

Question 17

Restitutional Overcorrection

Answer 17

Contingent on the problem behavior, the learner is required to repair or return
the environment to its original state and then to engage in additional behavior
to bring the environment to a condition vastly better than it was in prior to the
misbehavior

Question 18

Positive Practice Overcorrection

Answer 18

Contingent on an occurrence of the target behavior the learner is required to
repeat a correct form of the behavior, or a behavior incompatible with the
problem, a specified number of times.

Question 19

Self-Injurious Behavior Inhibiting System (SIBIS)

Answer 19

One of the most rigorously researched and carefully applied
procedures for implementing punishment by electric
stimulation for self-inflicted blows to the head or face

Question 20

Response Cost

Answer 20

Loss of a specific amount of reinforcement

Question 21

Least Restrictive Alternative

Answer 21

The less intrusive procedures should be tried and found
to be ineffective before more intrusive procedures are
implemented

Question 22

Right to Effective Treatment

Answer 22

Failing to use a punishment procedure that research has
show to suppress self-destructive behavior similar to the
client’s is unethical because it withholds a potentially
effective treatment and may maintain a dangerous or
uncomfortable state for the person.

Question 23

Behavioral contrast

Answer 23

The phenomenon in which a change in one component of a multiple schedule that increases or decreases the rate of responding on that component is accompanied by a change in the response rate in the opposite direction on the other, unaltered component of the schedule.

Question 24

Discriminative stimulus for punishment- SDP

Answer 24

A stimulus in the presence of which a given behavior has bee punished and in the absence of which that behavior has not been punished; as a result of this history, the behavior occurs less often in the presence of the sdp than in its absence.

Question 25

recovery from punishment

Answer 25

The occurrence of a previously punished type of response without its punishing consequence; analogous of the extinction of of previously reinforced behavior and has the effect of undoing the effect of the punishment.

Question 26

response interruption and redirection (RIRD)

Answer 26

A procedural variation of response blocking that involves interrupting stereotypic behavior at its onset and redirecting the individual to complete high-probability behaviors instead.

Question 27

Bonus response cost

Answer 27

A procedure for implementing response cost in which the person is provided a reservoir of reinforcers that are removed in predetermined amounts contingent on the occurrence of the target behavior.

Question 28

contingent observation

Answer 28

A procedure for implementing time out in which the person is repositioned within an existing setting such that the observation of ongoing activities remains but access to reinforcement is lost.

Question 29

exclusion time out

Answer 29

A procedure for implementing time out in which contingent on the occurrence of a target behavior the person is removed physically from the current environment for a specific period.

Question 30

nonexclusion time out

Question 31

partition or select space time out

Answer 31

A procedure for implementing time out in which contingent on the occurrence of the target behavior the person remains within the setting but does not have access to reinforcement.

Question 32

planned ignoring

Answer 32

procedure for implementing time out in which social reinforcers-usually attention, physical contact, and verbal interactions- are withheld for a brief period contingent on the occurrence of the target behavior.

Question 33

terminate specific reinforcer contact

Answer 33

A variation of non exclusion time out whereby each occurrence of the target behavior immediately stops an activity or sensory reinforcer.

Question 34

timeout from positive reinforcement

Answer 34

the immediate response-contingent withdrawal of the opportunity to earn positive reinforcement or the immediate loss or access to positive reinforcers for a specified time; a form of negative punishment.