Chapter 4 Flashcards
By the mid-1700s, Great Britain had developed into a commercial and military powerhouse; its economic sway ranged from where?
India, where the British East India Company had gained control over both trade and territory, to the West African coast, where British slave traders predominated, and to the British West Indies, whose lucrative sugar plantations, especially in Barbados and Jamaica, provided windfall profits for British planters.
Anglo-American colonists considered themselves:
Part of the British Empire in all ways: politically, militarily, religiously (as Protestants), intellectually, and racially.
Starting in 1651, The Navigation Acts were put into place to:
make the most of England’s overseas possessions. Nonetheless, without proper enforcement of Parliament’s acts and with nothing to prevent colonial traders from commanding their own fleets of ships, the Navigation Acts did not control trade as intended
The threat of a Catholic absolute monarchy prompted what?
the overthrow of James II but also the adoption of laws and policies that changed English government. The Glorious Revolution restored a Protestant monarchy and at the same time limited its power by means of the 1689 Bill of Rights.
The institution of slavery created a false sense of what?
Superiority in Whites, while simultaneously fueling fears of slave revolt. White response to such revolts, or even the threat of them, led to gross overreactions and further constraints on enslaved people’s activities.
What were the differences in the Great Awakening and the Enlightenment?
While the Great Awakening emphasized vigorously emotional religiosity, the Enlightenment promoted the power of reason and scientific observation.
The British colonist Benjamin Franklin gained fame on both sides of the Atlantic as a:
printer, publisher, and scientist. He embodied Enlightenment ideals in the British Atlantic with his scientific experiments and philanthropic endeavors.
Halfway through the French and Indian War what happened?
Great Britain swelled its troops with more volunteers and native allies, that the balance of power shifted toward the British. With the 1763 Treaty of Paris, New France was eliminated, and Great Britain gained control of all the lands north of Florida and east of the Mississippi. British subjects on both sides of the Atlantic rejoiced.
What was the predominant religion in
Pennsylvania?
Quakerism.
What sorts of labor systems were used in the
Restoration colonies?
- Different sorts of labor systems were used in the Restoration colonies of Carolina and Pennsylvania. Since the proprietors of the Carolina colonies were absent, English planters from Barbados moved in and gained political power, establishing slave labor as the predominant form of labor. In Pennsylvania, where prospective servants were offered a bounty of fifty acres of land for emigrating and finishing their term of labor, indentured servitude abounded.
Which of the following represents a concern
that those in England and her colonies maintained
about James II?
Many people in England and her colonies were concerned that James II would institute a Catholic absolute monarchy.
What was the Dominion of New England?
The Dominion of New England was the consolidated New England colony James II created.
The Negro Act of 1740 was a reaction to
________.
Stono Rebellion
What was the “conspiracy” of the New York
Conspiracy Trials of 1741?
The “conspiracy” of the New York Conspiracy Trials of 1741 was that enslaved people conspiring to burn down the city and take control.
What was the First Great Awakening?
The First Great Awakening was a Protestant revival that emphasized emotional, experiential faith over book learning.
Which of the following is not a tenet of the
Enlightenment?
The following are tenets of the Enlightenment: empiricism, progressivism, and rationalism.
Who were the main combatants in the French
and Indian War?
The main combatants in the French and Indian War were Great Britain against France.
What prompted the French and Indian War?
The French and Indian War was began when Virginia planters, pinched by stagnant tobacco prices, wanted to expand westward. However, France contested Britain’s claim to that land and built Fort Duquesne to defend it. The battle over this land sparked the war that eventually ended France’s presence in North America.
Protestants/Puritans strongly opposed what?
the king’s marriage (Charles I and Henrietta Maria) and his ties to Catholicism
Who suspended Parliament?
Charles I
After years of fighting, the Parliamentary forces led by Oliver Cromwell gained the upper hand, and in 1649, they charged Charles I with treason and beheaded him, what war was this?
The English Civil War
Charles II was committed to expanding England’s overseas possessions
