Chapter 3 Flashcards
Native peoples waged war with invaders to drive them from the continent. Which colonies did conflict erupt as the English pushed against their native neighbors?
In the Chesapeake Bay and New England colonies
The rise of colonial societies in the Americas brought Native Americans, Africans, and Europeans together for the first time, highlighting what?
the radical social, cultural, and religious differences that hampered their ability to understand each other
Spain envisioned grand dreams, were these realistic dreams?
In truth, the wealth, conversion, and a social order based on Spanish control never came to pass as Spain envisioned them.
Natives were relied upon to harvest what and for whom?
Both the Dutch and the French relied on native peoples to harvest the pelts that proved profitable in Europe.
The Virginia Company of London and the Puritans founded which colonies and for what purposes?
The Virginia Company of London founded Jamestown with the express purpose of making money for its investors, while Puritans founded Plymouth to practice their own brand of Protestantism without interference
During the seventeenth century, native peoples grew increasingly dependent on what?
During the seventeenth century, native peoples grew increasingly dependent on European trade items. At the same time, many native inhabitants died of European diseases, while survivors adopted new ways of living with their new neighbors.
What happened when the Spanish tried to convert the Pueblo to Catholicism?
Pueblo Revolt of 1680.
This revolt was successful, and for almost twelve years the Pueblos’ lives returned to normalcy. Their autonomy was short-lived, however, as the Spanish took advantage of continued attacks by the Pueblos’ enemies to reestablish control of the region.
Which religious order joined the French
settlement in Canada and tried to convert the
natives to Christianity?
Jesuits
How did the French and Dutch colonists differ in religious expectations for natives compared to the Spanish?
The Dutch allowed the most religious freedoms; they didn’t try to convert native peoples to Christianity, and they allowed Jewish immigrants to join their colony.
French Jesuit missionaries tried to convert Indians to Catholicism, but with much more acceptance of their differences than Spanish missionaries.
What was the most lucrative product of the
Chesapeake colonies?
Tobacco.
What was the primary cause for Bacon’s Rebellion?
Former indentured servants wanted more
opportunities to expand their territory
The founders of the Plymouth colony were:
Puritans
What did the Puritan religion require?
Close reading of scripture so literacy was crucial and Church membership required a conversion narrative (story).
How did the Chesapeake colonists encourage colonization?
By offering headrights to anyone who could pay his own way to Virginia: fifty acres for each passage. They also used the system of indenture, in which people (usually men) who didn’t have enough money to pay their own passage could work for a set number of years and then gain their own land. Increasingly, they also turned to African slaves as a cheap labor source.
What was the Middle Passage?
The transatlantic journey that enslaved Africans made to America.
How did European and Native American views on property differ?
Indians didn’t have any concept of owning personal property and believed that land should be held in common, for use by a group. They used land as they needed, often moving from area to area to follow food sources at different times of year. Europeans saw land as something individuals could own, and they used fences and other markers to define their property.
When the Spanish settled somewhere new, what happened to native peoples?
Devastating diseases, such as smallpox, that led to a horrific loss of life among native peoples. European diseases killed far more native inhabitants than did Spanish swords.
Where did Spain gain a foothold in present day Florida?
ST. AUGUSTINE, FLORIDA
Why did the Spanish build Castillo de San
Marcos?
Between 1672 and 1695 they built it to better defend St. Augustine against challengers.
Franciscan missionaries worked towards converting whom to Catholicism?
the Pueblo
In order for the hardships of the Pueblo to end, their leader demanded what?
Popé demanded a return to native ways so the hardships his people faced would end.
