Chapter 1

Question 1

When the silk road became dangerous and expensive to travel, how did the Europeans find alternative solutions?

Answer 1

They searched for a trade route over water, we now call the Atlantic World

Question 2

Although Europeans eventually dominated the New World, what people made it possible?

Answer 2

African and native peoples.

Question 3

In 1492 the Aztecs in Mexico were at their peak. Dominating surrounding tribes and requiring sacrifices and contributions alike. What island city was the hub of an ever widening commercial center until Cortez destroyed it?

Answer 3

Island city of Tenochtitlan

Question 4

Explorers seeking profit looked for new trade routes to which islands?

Answer 4

Spice islands because they wanted to eliminate muslim middlemen

Question 5

After the arrival of Islam and before the Portuguese came to the coast of West Africa in 1444, Arabs and berbers controlled the slave trade out of Africa. As a result European powers began to colonize the New World. Because of labor demands, how did this effect slavery in America?

Answer 5

It was based on race, and the status of slave was permanent and inherited.

Question 6

Genetic markers on y chromosome between ____ and ___races prove what?

Answer 6

Asians and American Indians. That migration occurred by boat across the Bering Straight.

Question 7

Which people created the only known written language in the Western Hemisphere?

Answer 7

The Olmec

Question 8

Which people perfected the calendar and written language the olmec had begun and had temples like the Chichen Itza

Answer 8

The Maya

Question 9

This people sacrificed a human by ritual daily to sustain the sun across the sky, to feed the gods, and help with agricultural production.

Answer 9

The Aztec

Question 10

Who built a road system that rivaled the Romans?

Answer 10

The Inca

Question 11

Who uncovered the lost Incan city of Machu Picchu and in what year?

Answer 11

In 1911 and Hiram Bingham

Question 12

What people carved their homes from steep cliffs accessible by ladders or ropes that could be pulled in at night in case of enemy attack?

Answer 12

The Anasazi

Question 13

Large mounds built by Native Americans located in present day Illinois.

Answer 13

Cahokia

Question 14

Highly contagious via rat borne and airborne disease.

Answer 14

Black death

Question 15

The black death wiped out half of Europe but a high birth rateight caused what in the next century?

Answer 15

The population grew and by 1450 European society was on the brink of tremendous change

Question 16

The Lord owns the land what did the Knights and serfs do?

Answer 16

Knights provided military service and the serfs worked the land for protection.

Question 17

The only church in Europe at the time

Answer 17

Catholic church

Question 18

Cultivation of land depended on the seasons just as village and family life revolved around what?

Answer 18

The church; sacraments marked every stage of life. as Christianity spread through Europe, it replaced pagan and animistic views.

Question 19

All events are caused or in relation to what?

Answer 19

A spiritual connotation. Sickness, might mean that person had sinned. etc. Penitents confessed their sins to the priest who absolved them, which gave the priest great power.

Question 20

Who took the holy city from the Muslim rulers but also conquered what they called the Holy Lands?

Answer 20

European Christians

Question 21

What caused the persecution of Jews and the maritime trade between the East and West to expand?

Answer 21

The Crusades

Question 22

A desire for products like silk, spices, and porcelain caused an increase in trade with Islamic merchants and which port city?

Answer 22

The Adriatic port city of Venice

Question 23

It was known that the earth was round but this person underestimated the Earth’s circumference and sailed West to reach the East

Answer 23

Christopher Columbus

Question 24

The major European slave trade began with Portugal’s exploration of the west coast of Africa in search of a trade route to the East. How did this affect Africans?

Answer 24

By 1444 slaves were being bought from Africa to work on the sugar plantations of the Madeira Islands off the coast of modern African slaves were both easily identified by their skin color and plentiful because of the thriving slave trade. This led to a race-based slavery system.

Question 24

Initially, the Spanish tried to force Indians to farm their crops. Most Spanish and Portuguese settlers coming to the New World were
gentlemen and did not perform physical labor. What other people were able to perform this task for the Spanish?

Answer 24

African slaves were both easily identified (by their skin color) and plentiful, because of the thriving slave trade. This led to a race-based slavery system in the New World unlike any bondage system that had come before.

Question 25

The profitability of the African slave trade, coupled with the seemingly limitless number of potential slaves and the Catholic Church’s denunciation of the enslavement of Christians caused:

Answer 25

race to become a dominant factor in the institution of slavery.

Question 26

How was slavery different in Africa than in the Americas?

Answer 26

Thus, whereas in Africa permanent, inherited slavery was unknown, and children of those bound in slavery to the tribe usually were free and intermarried with their captors, this changed in the Americas; slavery became permanent, and children born to slaves became slaves. This development, along with slavery’s identification with race, forever changed the institution and shaped its unique character in the New World.

Question 27

The Crusades were what?

Answer 27

a series of attempts by Christian armies to retake the Holy lands from Muslims.

Question 28

What city in Italy became wealthy by trading with the East?

Answer 28

Venice

Question 29

In 1492 the Spanish forced who to do what?

Answer 29

Forced the Jews and Muslims to convert or leave.

Question 30

Slavery in Africa was:

Answer 30

A system in which those need of supplies or protection would give themselves in servitude, a system in which debtors repay those whom they owe by giving themselves in servitude, and a system in which people are treated as chattel, that is a personal property to be bought and sold. It was not a system in which people are enslaved permanently on account of their race.