Chapter 4

Question 1

Very low birth weight

Answer 1

Weight less than 3.5lbs at birth.

Question 2

Small for gestational age (SGA)

Answer 2

Born below the 10th percentile of birth weight for gestational age; indicates serious health risks.

Question 3

Infant mortality

Answer 3

Death that occur between birth and 1 year of age.

Question 4

Co-sleeping

Answer 4

Practice where infants and young children sleep with one or both patterns.

Question 5

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)

Answer 5

Sudden death of infants before 1 year of age that is not explained by autopsy, medical history, or the investigation of the science of death.

Question 6

Colostrum

Answer 6

A thick, yellowish substance in breast milk containing important antibodies.

Question 7

Neurons

Answer 7

Specialized cells that process information and allow communication in the nervous system.

Question 8

Synaptogenesis

Answer 8

One form of neuron maturation in which dendrites and axons branch out from an enormously large number of connections with neighboring neurons.

Question 9

Myelination

Answer 9

A form of neuron maturation in which dendrites and axons branch out to form an enormously large number of connections with neighboring neurons.

Question 10

Programmed cell death

Answer 10

Process by which many neurons die during periods of migration and heavy synaptogenesis.

Question 11

Visual activity

Answer 11

The ability to see fine detail.

Question 12

Gross motor development

Answer 12

Process of coordinating movements with the large muscles in the body.

Question 13

Fine motor development

Answer 13

Process of coordinating intricate movements with smaller muscles.

Question 14

Preterm births are defined as all births that occur before ____ weeks of gestation.

Answer 14

38 weeks

Question 15

Very low birth weight babies are those who are born:

Answer 15

small for their gestational age.

Question 16

Children reach about half of their adult life by the time they are:

Answer 16

2 years old

Question 17

In the United States, how many mothers follow the recommendation of the American Academy of Pediatrics and breastfeed their infants until the infants are at least 12 months of age?

Answer 17

fewer than one-quarter

Question 18

According to health experts, when should parents first introduce juices, soft foods, or other supplements to their breast feeding infants?

Answer 18

after 6 months

Question 19

The first synapses occur in the brain at around:

Answer 19

23 weeks of gestation

Question 20

Stepping reflex

Answer 20

Where babies make small stepping motions when they are held up with their feet dangling down and barley a table or other surface.

Question 21

Grasping reflex

Answer 21

Occurs when an object touches an infants palm; the baby’s fingers will automatically wrap around the object and grip strongly.

“My mother has a hairy back”

Question 22

Rooting reflex

Answer 22

If you touch a newborns cheek, the infant’s head will turn in the direction of the touch.

Question 23

Sucking reflex

Answer 23

If anything touches the infants lips, the infant automatically begins to suck.

Question 24

Moro reflex

Answer 24

Occurs when an infant is startled by a loud noise, or begins to fall. Arms are fanned as if to stop from falling.

Question 25

The brain stem;

Answer 25

Controls automatic functions (such as breathing & heart rate) and regulates the general level of alertness throughout the higher levels of the brain.

Question 26

The cerebral cortex;

Answer 26

the “grey matter” that forms the top portion of the brain; it is divided into four major lobes (frontal, parietal, temporal and occipital).

Question 27

The frontal lobe;

Answer 27

Is involved in organizing, planning, higher-levil thinking, problem solving and creativity.

Question 28

The motor area;

Answer 28

Controls voluntary muscle movements such as raising your eyebrows and wiggling your toes.

Question 29

Somatosensory area;

Answer 29

Just behind the motor area, which registers sensory input (including touch, pressure, temperature and pain).

Question 30

The Wernikie’s area;

Answer 30

A small region in the temporal lobe, processes speech input.

Question 31

The Broca’s area;

Answer 31

At the bottom of the frontal lobe, organizes articulation for speech output.

Question 32

The visual area;

Answer 32

In the back of the occipital lobe which receives messages messages from the eyes for visual processing.