Chapter 4 Flashcards
Very low birth weight
Weight less than 3.5lbs at birth.
Small for gestational age (SGA)
Born below the 10th percentile of birth weight for gestational age; indicates serious health risks.
Infant mortality
Death that occur between birth and 1 year of age.
Co-sleeping
Practice where infants and young children sleep with one or both patterns.
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)
Sudden death of infants before 1 year of age that is not explained by autopsy, medical history, or the investigation of the science of death.
Colostrum
A thick, yellowish substance in breast milk containing important antibodies.
Neurons
Specialized cells that process information and allow communication in the nervous system.
Synaptogenesis
One form of neuron maturation in which dendrites and axons branch out from an enormously large number of connections with neighboring neurons.
Myelination
A form of neuron maturation in which dendrites and axons branch out to form an enormously large number of connections with neighboring neurons.
Programmed cell death
Process by which many neurons die during periods of migration and heavy synaptogenesis.
Visual activity
The ability to see fine detail.
Gross motor development
Process of coordinating movements with the large muscles in the body.
Fine motor development
Process of coordinating intricate movements with smaller muscles.
Preterm births are defined as all births that occur before ____ weeks of gestation.
38 weeks
Very low birth weight babies are those who are born:
small for their gestational age.
Children reach about half of their adult life by the time they are:
2 years old
In the United States, how many mothers follow the recommendation of the American Academy of Pediatrics and breastfeed their infants until the infants are at least 12 months of age?
fewer than one-quarter
According to health experts, when should parents first introduce juices, soft foods, or other supplements to their breast feeding infants?
after 6 months
The first synapses occur in the brain at around:
23 weeks of gestation
Stepping reflex
Where babies make small stepping motions when they are held up with their feet dangling down and barley a table or other surface.
Grasping reflex
Occurs when an object touches an infants palm; the baby’s fingers will automatically wrap around the object and grip strongly.
“My mother has a hairy back”
Rooting reflex
If you touch a newborns cheek, the infant’s head will turn in the direction of the touch.
Sucking reflex
If anything touches the infants lips, the infant automatically begins to suck.
Moro reflex
Occurs when an infant is startled by a loud noise, or begins to fall. Arms are fanned as if to stop from falling.
The brain stem;
Controls automatic functions (such as breathing & heart rate) and regulates the general level of alertness throughout the higher levels of the brain.
The cerebral cortex;
the “grey matter” that forms the top portion of the brain; it is divided into four major lobes (frontal, parietal, temporal and occipital).
The frontal lobe;
Is involved in organizing, planning, higher-levil thinking, problem solving and creativity.
The motor area;
Controls voluntary muscle movements such as raising your eyebrows and wiggling your toes.
Somatosensory area;
Just behind the motor area, which registers sensory input (including touch, pressure, temperature and pain).
The Wernikie’s area;
A small region in the temporal lobe, processes speech input.
The Broca’s area;
At the bottom of the frontal lobe, organizes articulation for speech output.
The visual area;
In the back of the occipital lobe which receives messages messages from the eyes for visual processing.
