Chapter 3

Question 1

Prenatal development

Answer 1

Development of the organism that occurs before its birth.

Question 2

Conception

Answer 2

The process of fertilization where a sperm cell combines with an egg cell to create a new organism.

Question 3

Ovulation

Answer 3

Release of an egg from the female ovary.

Question 4

Differentiation

Answer 4

Process that occurs during cell division in which each new cell, as it divides, is commited to becoming a particular structure and serving a particular function.

Question 5

Germinal Stage

Answer 5

The first stage of prenatal development, from coception through 2 weeks.

Question 6

Embryonic stage

Answer 6

The second stage of prenatal development, weeks 3 through 8. The embryo forms tissue representing every system and major part of the body.

Question 7

Fetal stage

Answer 7

The third and final stage of prenatal development, lasting from 8 weeks after contraception untill birth.

Question 8

Implantation

Answer 8

Process in which the zygote embeds itsself into the inner lining of the mother uterus.

Question 9

Miscarrage

Answer 9

Naturally occuring loss of pregnancy during the first 20 weeks of gestation.

Question 10

Cephalocadual pattern

Answer 10

Pattern of growth where areas in the head and upper body tend to form and grow before the areas in the lower body grow.

Question 11

Stillbirth

Answer 11

Naturally occuring los of pregnancy after 20 weeks of gestation.

Question 12

Proxidismal pattern

Answer 12

Pattern of growth where areas closer to the center of the body tend to form and grow before the area towards the extremities grow.

Question 13

Critical patterns

Answer 13

Segments of time when structures are first forming and are most vunerable to damage.

Question 14

Oragnogenesis

Answer 14

Organ formation; process where each major organ and system in the body differentiates within the embryo.

Question 15

Fetal stage

Answer 15

The third and final stage of prenatal development, lasting from 8 weeks after contraception until birth.

Question 16

Teratogen

Answer 16

Any substance or condition that might disrupt prenatal development and cause birth defects.

Question 17

Premature

Answer 17

Refers to babies who are born earlier or smaller than average.

Question 18

Preterm birth

Answer 18

Births that occur before 37 weeks of gestation.

Question 19

Low birth weight

Answer 19

Weight less than 5.5 pounds at birth.

Question 20

Fetal alcohol syndrome

Answer 20

A syndrome of birth defects caused by prenatal exposure to alcohol. Includes growth defincies, head and facial malformation, and CNS dysfunction.

Question 21

Fetal alcohol effects

Answer 21

Individual or multiple birth defects caused by prenatal exposure to alcohol. Lowered IQ, hyperactivity, growth deficiencies, and physical malformations can exsist alone or in combinations but not in a way that indicates FAS>

Question 22

Dilation

Answer 22

The gradual opening of the cervix caused by labor contractions during the first stage of birth.

Question 23

Afterbirth

Answer 23

The third and last stage of birth, in which the placenta and other membranes are delivered through the canal.

Question 24

Prepared Childbirth

Answer 24

Classes or training that typically provides education about labor and delivery, selective relaxation and controlled breathing, and the help of a labor coach to help mothers with childbirth.

Question 25

Malpresentation

Answer 25

Improper positioning of the fetus in the mother’s uterus.

Question 26

Fetal distress

Answer 26

A condition that indicates that the fetus is at risk; usually includes a sudden lack of oxygen, a change in fetal heart rate, and/or a change in respiration.

Question 27

Apgar test

Answer 27

A brief assessment of the newborn conducted at 1 and 5 minutes after birth; used to identify newborns who are at risk and need medical attention.