Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

A&P For Speech, language And Hearing > Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Whats the energy source for speech ?

A

The respiratory system is the energy source for speech
•You cannot have sound without energy
•Lungs provide the driving force for the vocal folds
•Try making your vocal folds vibrate without expiring!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Phonetion

A

sound production involving the larynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What happens to the vocal folds during phonation ?

A

During phonation vocal fold vibration causes waves of sound pressure that are the basic sound source for voice and speech

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How many layer and whats the deepest layer to the vocal folds ?

A

5 layers of tissue w deepest layer=muscle
•Glottis
–Space between the folds
–Most important laryngeal space for speech
–Defined by the variable sphincter that allows voicing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How do the vocal folds vibrate ?

A

As air passes between the vocal folds, they may be made to vibrate (video)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Subglottal (subglottic)

A

Area below the vocal folds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Where is the vocal mechanism housed ?

A

The vocal mechanism is housed in the larynx

•Larynx is the top cartilaginous portion of trachea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Biological function kf the larynx ?

A

Lifting
•Expelling foreign objects (coughing)
•Defecation, birth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Nonbiological function of the larynx

A

Sound source

–Provides the source for voiced speech

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Voiceless sounds ?

A

Produced without use of vocal folds (e.g., /s/, /f/)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Voiced sounds ?

A

Produced by action of vocal folds (e.g., /z/, /v/ & all vowels)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Structure of the larynx?

A

Musculo-cartilaginous structure
•Located at the top of the last ring of the trachea
•Adjacent to cervical vertebrae 4
through 6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Length of the larynx

A

Average length of larynx

–44 mm - 36 mm (gender dependent)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Unpaired and paired cartilages lined with mocus membrame?

A

3 unpaired and 3 paired cartilages lined with mucous membrane
•Unpaired: epiglottis, cricoid, thyroid
•Paired: arytenoid, corniculate and cuneiform

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Connective laryngeal tissue

A 
Thyrohyoid membrane
•Lateral thyrohyoid ligament
•Median thyrohyoid ligament
•Hyo-epiglottic ligament
•Thyroepiglottic ligament
•Cricotracheal membrane
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Laryngeal Landmarks

A

Vallecular sinuses or vellecute
Ary-epiglitic folds
Pyriform sinuses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Vocal fold layers

A

The vocal folds have layers:
–Squamous epithelium
–Lamina Propria
•Superficial layer (random orientation elastin)
•Intermediate layer (AP orientation elastin)
•Deep layer (collagen)
–Thyrovocalis of the thyroarytenoid muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Vocal ligaments consists on

A

Intermediate layer Lamina Propria

–Deep layer Lamina Propria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Mucosal lining of vocal fold consist of

A

Epithelial lining

–Superficial layer Lamina Propria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

The cover consist of

A

Epithelial lining
–Superficial layer Lamina Propria
–Intermediate layer Lamina Propria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Body of vocal folds

A

Deep layer Lamina Propria

–Thyrovocalis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Venteicles or landmarks of vocal folds

A

Aditus laryngis – laryngeal entrance
•Laryngeal vestibule – b/w aditus and ventricular folds
•Laryngeal ventricle - b/w ventricular folds and true folds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Glottis

A

space between vocal folds
–Anterior commissure – anterior aspect of the glottis
–Posterior commissure – between the arytenoids
–Membraneous glottis – anterior 3/5
–Cartilaginous glottis – posterior 2/5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Where does the arytenoid cartilages sit ?

A

Paired arytenoid cartilages sit on the cricoid cartilage
thin portion in anterior aspect that widens in posterior aspect
Arytenoids articulate with cricoid on this posterior aspect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Arytenoids have 3 major parts

A

Apex, muscular process and vocal process

Corniculate cartilages articulate with arytenoids at the apex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Cricoid Cartilage

A

Shaped like a signet ring
Sits above the top-most tracheal ring
Forms the base of the larynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Arytenoid Cartilages

A

Ride atop cricoid cartilage
Articulate with cricoid
Vocal folds attach to them

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Landmarks Of Arytenoid Cartilage

A

Anterior: vocal process
Apex
Muscular process
Articular facets: bottom of arytenoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

where does the Unpaired thyroid cartilage sit?

A

Unpaired thyroid cartilage sits superior and anterior to the cricoid cartilage

30
Q

Parts of the thyroid cartilage

A

2 superior cornua, 2 inferior cornua, thyroid angle

31
Q

Epiglottis

A

leaf shaped structure in the anterior-interior aspect of the thyroid
Attaches via thyroepiglottic ligament

32
Q

Landmarks Of Thyroid Cartilage

A 
Thyroid notch
Laminae Angle
Anterior/posterior orientation
Inferior cornua
“cornu” means “horn”
Plural is cornua
Superior cornu attaches to hyoid
Inferior cornua:  attach to cricoid cartilage
33
Q

epiglottis position and attachment

A

Leaf-like
Unpaired cartilage
Behind hyoid bone at root of tongue
Attached to interior of thyroid cartilage just below thyroid notch
Ligaments connects to root of tongue on anterior
Epiglottis protects larynx from food

34
Q

hyoid bone

A 
Unpaired hyoid bone 
Parts of the hyoid bone: 
Corpus
Supports larynx
Attached to tongue
23 muscles attach to it
Unpaired
35
Q

Laryngeal Joints

A

Cricothyroid joint

Cricoarytenoid joint

36
Q

Cricoarytenoid joint

A

Allows rocking and gliding (and rotation?) of arytenoids
Relevant to changing vocal fold length, abducting, & adducting vocal folds
The primary movement of the cricoarytenoid is to rock in and out for adduction/ abduction
A second permitted movement is anterior/posterior gliding (long axis of the joint

Third possible movement: rotation

37
Q

Cricothyroid joint

A 
Allows thyroid to rock down and forward
Relevant to pitch
Pivot for thyroid
Rotates forward (rocks): 
Increases tension on vocal folds
38
Q

Intrinsic

A

originate AND insert in larynx

39
Q

Extrinsic

A

originate OR insert in larynx

40
Q

Intrinsic mm (originate AND insert in larynx)

A

Adductors
Abductors
Tensors
Relaxers

41
Q

Extrinsic mm (originate OR insert in larynx

A

Laryngeal elevators

Laryngeal depressors

42
Q

Laryngeal Muscle

A

The thyroarytenoid makes up the muscular portion of the vocal folds

43
Q

The thyroarytenoid is made up of the

A

thyrovocalis

thyromuscularis

44
Q

Laryngeal Muscles - Adductors

A 
Mm involved in adducting (or closing) the vocal folds 
Lateral cricoarytenoid (LCA)
Transverse arytenoid (TA)
Oblique (inter)arytenoid (IA)
45
Q

Lateral cricoarytenoid (LCA)

A

Attaches into muscular process
Moves muscular process forward and medially
Function: adduct vocal folds & increase medial compression

46
Q

Transverse arytenoid (TA)

A

Attaches into posterior arytenoid contralaterally

Compresses vocal folds medially by approximating arytenoids

47
Q

Oblique arytenoid

A

Oblique (inter)arytenoid (IA)
“X” shaped
Attaches into apex contralaterally
Moves apex medially

48
Q

Laryngeal Muscles – Abductors

A

Mm involved in abducting (or opening) the vocal folds
Posterior cricoarytenoid (PCA)
Attaches into posterior arytenoid
Moves muscular process posteriorly

49
Q

Laryngeal Muscles – Tensors

A

Mm involved in tensing the vocal folds
Cricothyroid (CT)
Thyrovocalis of the thyroartenoid (TA)

50
Q

Thyrovocalis of the thyroartenoid (TA)

A

Moves thyroid and cricoid farther apart in anterior aspect with end result of stretching the vocal folds

51
Q

Cricothyroid (CT)

A

Innervated by SLNe of vagus nerve

Moves thyroid and cricoid closer in anterior aspect with end result of stretching the vocal folds

52
Q

Laryngeal Muscles – Relaxers

A 
Mm involved in relaxing the vocal folds 
Thyromuscularis of the thyroartenoid (TA)
Lateral to thyrovocalis
Moves arytenoids closer to thyroid
Lateral to thyrovocalis
Moves arytenoids closer to thyroid
53
Q

Extrinsic laryngeal

A

Extrinsic laryngeal mm work to elevate or depress the larynx/hyoid

54
Q

Elevators (suprahyoid

A

Digastric, stylohyoid, mylohyoid, geniohyoid, genioglossus, hyoglossus, thyropharyngeus

55
Q

Depressors (infrahyoid

A

Sternohyoid, omohyoid, sternothyroid, thyrohyoid

56
Q

Suprahyoid and infrahyoid

A

Suprahyoid: muscles that insert above the hyoid
Infrahyoid: muscles that insert below the hyoid

57
Q

Digastric m

A

2 bellies attached to hyoid via intermediate tendon

Moves hyoid up and back/forward

58
Q

Stylohyoid m

A

From styloid process to hyoid corpus

59
Q

Mylohyoid m (floor of the oral cavity

A

from underside of mandible to hyoid corpus

60
Q

Geniohyoid

A

From mental spine to hyoid corpus

61
Q

Stylohyoid

A

n: elevate and retract hyoid

62
Q

Geniohyoid

A

elevate hyoid, depress mandible

63
Q

Hyoglossus m

A

With hyoid stabilized, depresses tongue

64
Q

Genioglossus m

A

With hyoid stabilized, depresses tongue

65
Q

Thyropharyngeus m

A

Constricts pharynx and elevates larynx

66
Q

Thyrohyoid m

A

Elevates larynx or moves hyoid down

67
Q

The following laryngeal depressors work to depress larynx AND stabilize tongue

A

Sternohyoid m

Omohyoid m

68
Q

Omohyoid m

A

2 bellies with superior b. attached to hyoid

Moves hyoid down

69
Q

Sternohyoid m

A

From manubrium sterni into inferior hyoid corpus

70
Q

Sternothyroid m

A

From manubrium sterni into hyoid corpus

71
Q

Thyrohyoid m

A

Moves hyoid down OR raises larynx

“double duty”

A&P For Speech, language And Hearing (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions