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A&P For Speech, language And Hearing > chapter 1 > Flashcards

chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomy

A

The study of the structure of an organism

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2
Q

Physiology

A

study of the functions of living organism and its components

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3
Q

Clinical anatomy

A

Anatomy as related to pathological entity, and especially as related to surgery

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4
Q

Comparative Anatomy

A

Anatomy that studies interspecies comparisons

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5
Q

Embryology (Developmental Anatomy)

A

Anatomy with reference to period from conception to birth

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6
Q

Descriptive Anatomy

A

Anatomy that relates to the systems of body

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7
Q

Where are anatomical terms derived from?

A

Latin and Greek root

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8
Q

Anatomical Position

A

Body erect

Palms, arms and hands face forward

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9
Q

Axis

A

The imaginary midline around which the body pivots

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10
Q

The axial skeleton

A

Head and trunk

Spinal cord is axis

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11
Q

The appendicular Skeleton

A

Lower limbs

Upper Limbs

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12
Q

Neuraxis

A

Axis of the brain

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13
Q

Thorax

A

chest

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14
Q

what are the planes of references

A

Frontal/coronal plane
Midsagittal plane
Transverse plane

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15
Q

Frontal/Coronal plane

A

Divides the body into front and back halves

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16
Q

Midsagittal Plane

A

Divides the body into right and left halves

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17
Q

Sagittal plane

A

Cut parallel to the medial plane and divides the body into right and left halves

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18
Q

Transverse Plane

A

Divides body into upper and lover halves

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19
Q

Anterior or ventral surface

A

Front of the body

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20
Q

Posterior or dorsal surface

A

Back of body

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21
Q

Rostral

A

Towards the head or nose or just face in general

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22
Q

Superficial surface

A

Surface of body

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23
Q

Peripheral Surface

A

Direction towards the surface

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24
Q

Deep

A

Direction away from the surface

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25
Q

Distal

A

Point farthest from/away from the trunk

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26
Q

Proximal

A

Point closest to/towards the trunk

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27
Q

Superior

A

Above, farther from the ground

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28
Q

Inferior

A

Below, closer to the ground

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29
Q

Prone

A

Body horizontal with face down, on the belly

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30
Q

Pronation

A

Ventral surface directed inferiorly (prone)

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31
Q

Supine

A

Body Horizontal with face up, on the back

32
Q

Supination

A

Ventral Surface directed superiorly (supine)

33
Q

Lateral

A

The side

34
Q

Medial/central

A

Towards the median/ mid-sagittal plane

35
Q

What is the trunk or torso composed of?

A

The thorax and the abdomen

36
Q

What is the pelvis formed by?

A

The hip bones

37
Q

The upper and lower extremities are attached to?

A

the trunk

38
Q

Cranial Portion

A

Contains the brain and its components

39
Q

Facial Portion

A

Contains the mouth, pharynx, nasal cavity, and structures related to the upper airway and mastication (chewing)

40
Q

Cranial Cavity contains ?

A

Brain

Vertebral canal

41
Q

Thoracic Cavity contains ?

A

Lungs and related structures

42
Q

Pericardial Cavity contains ?

A

Heart

43
Q

Abdominal Cavity contains ?

A

Digestive Organs

44
Q

Basic Tissues of the body

A

Epithelial tissue
Connective tissue
Muscular tissue
Nervous tissue

45
Q

Tissue

A

Nucleus and specialized cellular material

46
Q

Epithelial Tissue

A

Superficial layer of mucous membrane and cells that make up the skin and lines all cavities/passageways
Lacks of intercellular material

47
Q

Connective tissue

A

Support tissue with large amount of intercellular material or matrix

48
Q

Muscular Tissue

A

Specialized tissue that can be stimulated and made to contract.
Muscular tissue is contractile

49
Q

Nervous Tissue

A

Specialized tissue whose role is communication between cells.
Specialized for communication
Consists of neurons or nerve cells
Functions to transfer information

50
Q

Roles of epithelial tissue

A

Acts as barrier against hostile agents such as infections organisms
Prevents dehydration and fluid loss

51
Q

Functions of epithelial tissue

A

Covers surface of the body
Covers lining of cavities and passageways
Shortage of intercellular material

52
Q

Why does Mucous membrane arise from epithelium?

A

To secrete mucus

53
Q

Cilial Tissue

A

Some epithelial tissue contain cilial

Cilial tissue have hair-like protrusions that move matter from one location to another

54
Q

Connective tissue funtison

A

Binds together and supports tissues and organs
Composed of matrix
Protective Functions

55
Q

Types of connective tissue

A

Cartilage
Blood
Bone

56
Q

Types of Cartilage

A

Hyaline
Fibro-cartilage
Yellow (elastic ) cartilage

57
Q

Connective tissue in blood

A

Plasma and blood cells

58
Q

Bone connective tissue

A

Hardest form of connective tissue (compact or spongy)

59
Q

Classification of muscular tissue

A

Voluntary striated muscle (skeletal muscle)
Involuntary smooth muscle
Cardiac muscle

60
Q

Nervous tissue transfer information

A

From one neuron to another
From neuron to muscle
From sensory receptors to other neural entities

61
Q

Neurons

A

Involved directly in information transfer

62
Q

Glial Cells

A

Involved in providing nutrition and support to neurons

63
Q

Fascia

A

Sheet-like membrane that surrounds organs

64
Q

Ligaments

A

Fibrous tissue that binds structures of the body together, connects bones or cartilage

65
Q

Tendons

A

Connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone or cartilage

66
Q

Bones

A

Rigid skeletal support and protection of organs and soft tissues.

67
Q

Muscles

A

Aggregates of contractive muscle fibers with a common function
Can shorten to about one third their length

68
Q

Origin

A

point of attachment of the least mobile element of a structure.
is the point of attachment of the least mobile element (as related to speech function)

69
Q

Insertion

A

point of attachment that moves with contraction

is the point of attachment that moves when a muscle contracts

70
Q

Body Systems

A

Muscular, skeletal, respiratory, digestive, reproductive, and nervous systems
Cells make up tissues, tissues make up organs, groups of organs operate in a systemic fashion (Organs can be part of more than one system)
Systems are groups of organs that perform a specific function

71
Q

Systems of Speech

A

Respiratory system
Phonatory system
Articulatory/resonatory system
Nervous system

72
Q

Nervous system In speech

A

Controls speech processes

73
Q

Articulatory/resonatory system in speech

A

Shapes the oral cavity for production of sounds of speech

74
Q

Phonatory system

A

Produces voiced sound

75
Q

Respiratory system in speech

A

Involves respiration

76
Q

Caudal

A

Towards the back or tail

77
Q

Joints

A

Joints form union of bone with other bones or cartilage with other cartilage

A&P For Speech, language And Hearing (15 decks)

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