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bio 191 > chapter 36 > Flashcards

chapter 36 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

sexual reproduction

A

is the creation of an offspring by fusion of a male gamete and female gamete to form a zygote

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2
Q

asexual reproduction

A

is the creation of offspring without hte fusion of egg and sperm

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3
Q

budding

A

offspring arise from outgrowths

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4
Q

fission

A

the separation of a parent organism into two individuals of approximately equal size

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5
Q

fragmentation

A

breaking of the body into pieces some or all of which develop into adults

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6
Q

parthenogenesis

A

development of a new individual from an unfertilized egg

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7
Q

meiosis produces …

A

gametes by genetic recombination (independent assortment, crossing over)

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8
Q

asexual reproduction results in…

A

clonal offspring. if parent is well suited, offspring will be well suited

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9
Q

testes

A

male gonads

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10
Q

seminiferous tubules

A

highly coiled tubes where testes produce sperm

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11
Q

to produce sperm it needs to be…

A

at correct temperature (2 degrees Celsius below core body temp)

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12
Q

scrotum

A

fold of the body wall that maintains testis temperature

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13
Q

epididymis

A

sperm come from the seminiferous tumbles of a testes and pass through this coiled duct

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14
Q

penis is composed of

A

spongy erectile tissue

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15
Q

ejaculation

A

sperm are propelled through the muscular vas deference and ejaculatory duct and then exit the penis through the urethra

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16
Q

semen

A

composed of sperm plus secretions from three accessory gland

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17
Q

accessory gland: seminal vesicles

A

alkaline secretions contain mucus, fructose, etc.

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18
Q

accessory gland: prostate gland

A

secretes additional sperm nutrients

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19
Q

accessory gland: bulbourethral glands

A

secretions neutralize acidic urine remaining in the urethra

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20
Q

ovaries

A

female gonads. in abdominal cavity

21
Q

follicles

A

each ovary contains many of these which consist of a partially developed egg called an oocyte, surrounded by support cells

22
Q

ovulation

A

mature egg is released

23
Q

oviduct

A

mature egg travels from the ovary to the uterus by this. where fertilization will occur if sperm is present

24
Q

cilia

A

cilia in the oviduct move the egg to the uterus

25
Q

endometrium

A

the uterine lining. implantation of embryo in endometrium = pregnancy. lining shed through period

26
Q

cervix

A

neck of uterus which opens to vagina

27
Q

vagina

A

muscular but elastic chamber that is the repository for perm during copulation and serves as the birth canal.

28
Q

vulva

A

vagina leads to the outside of this. consists of the labia major a, labia minora, and clitoris

29
Q

clitoris

A

contains erectile tissue and is homologous to the male penis

30
Q

mammary glands

A

not part of the reproductive system per se but are important to mammalian reproduction. secrete milk

31
Q

cleavage stage

A

a series of mitoses divide the zygote into a many-celled embryo

32
Q

cleavage

A

a period of rapid cell division without growth

33
Q

blastula

A

hollow ball of cells with a fluid-filled cavity called a blastocoel

34
Q

gastrulation

A

a set of cells at or near the surface of the blastula moves to an interior location

35
Q

blastopore

A

a primitive digestive chamber forms with an opening called this

36
Q

gastrula

A

the hollow blastula is reorganized into a two or three layered embryo

37
Q

germ layers

A

produced by gastrulation

38
Q

ectoderm

A

forms the outer layer

39
Q

endoderm

A

forms the inner layer

40
Q

mesoderm

A

third germ layer only in vertebrates and bilaterally symmetric animals. middle of endo and ecto derm

41
Q

diploblastic animals

A

have two germ layers

42
Q

triploblastic animals

A

have three germ layers

43
Q

protostomes

A

mouth develops at first opening in the embryo

44
Q

deuterostomes

A

mouth develops at second opening in the embryo

45
Q

conception

A

fertilization of an egg by a sperm occurs in the oviduct

46
Q

gestation

A

condition of carrying one or more embryos in the uterus

47
Q

labor

A

uterine contractions that push the fetus out of the body

48
Q

contraception

A

the deliberate prevention of pregnancy

bio 191 (17 decks)

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