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bio 191 > chapter 24 > Flashcards

chapter 24 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

prokaryotes

A

archaea/bacteria

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2
Q

eukaryotes

A

plants, fungi, animals

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3
Q

protocells

A

membrane bound droplets that maintain a consistent internal chemistry. they are able to live almost anywhere.

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4
Q

synthesis of macromolecules

A

-RNA monomers can be produced spontaneously
-small organic molecules polymerize when concentration on hot sand, clay, rock

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5
Q

monomers turn into…

A

polymers

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6
Q

macromolecules are considered

A

polymers

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7
Q

amino acids polymerize…

A

polypeptides

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8
Q

nucleotides polymerize

A

nucleic acids

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9
Q

building membrane:

A

-created by themselves
-lipid bilayer creates its self bc it doesn’t like water
-membrane can form around biochem already found

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10
Q

ribosomes

A

catalyze different reactions (make small copies of RNA)

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11
Q

RNA…

A

first genetic material because it was the most simple.

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12
Q

peptidoglycan

A

a network of modified sugars cross linked by polypeptides (bacterial cell wall)

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13
Q

plant walls are made of

A

cellulos

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14
Q

fungi walls are made of

A

chitin

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15
Q

gram-positive

A

bacteria have simpler walls with a large amount of peptidoglycan (stain dark)

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16
Q

gram-negative

A

bacterial have less peptidoglycan and a more toxic outer wall (stain light)

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17
Q

capsule

A

a polysaccharide or protein layer that covers many prokaryotes

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18
Q

fimbrea

A

sticks that poke out to help prokaryotes stick together

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19
Q

endospores

A

resistant to many conditions and help keep populations or maintain themselves. nearly impossible to get rid of because they are designed to help keep populations coming back when conditions get rough

20
Q

pili

A

bigger than fimbriae and allow prokaryotes to exchange DNA

21
Q

taxis

A

movement and motion (prefix)

22
Q

flagella

A

move cell through medius (propel the cell)

23
Q

what defines a prokaryote

A

-lack compartmentalization
-special membrane that preform metabolic functions
-usually in foldings of the plasma membrane

24
Q

nucleoid

A

region in which chromosome is not surrounded by a membrane

25
Q

plasmids

A

small circular DNA

26
Q

photosynthetic

A

have thylakoid membrane

27
Q

autotroph

A

creates its own food using natural chemicals.

28
Q

photoautotroph

A

gets energy from light. carbon source comes from CO2 HCO3. photosynthetic prokaryotes.

29
Q

chemautotrophy

A

gets energy from inorganic chemicals. gets carbon from CO2 or HCO3. unique to certain prokaryotes.

30
Q

photoheterotroph

A

gets energy from light. gets carbon from organic compounds. unique to aquatic or salt-loving prokaryotes.

31
Q

chemoheterotroph

A

gets energy and carbon from organic compounds. many prokaryotes, protists, fungi, animals, and some plants

32
Q

nitrogen fixation

A

some prokaryotes convert atmospheric nitrogen to ammonia which makes nitrogen cells in ecosystems.

33
Q

photocynthetic cells

A

group of single cells

34
Q

heterocyst

A

make fertilizer and usable forms of nitrogen

35
Q

biofilms

A

some prokaryotes metabolic cooperation occurs in surface-coating colonies. have rapid evolution because of small generation times.

36
Q

transfermentation

A

can take up or incoperate foreign DNA from surrounding environment

37
Q

transduction

A

movement of genes between bacteria biofagia

38
Q

conjunction

A

the process where genetic material is transferred between prokaryotic cells

39
Q

domain archaea

A

methmogens, themophiles, halophiles, extrmophiles

40
Q

domain bacteria

A

chlamydias(host cells), spirocheta(spiral shape), cyanobacteria(start of photosynthesis), gram-positive bacteria

41
Q

prokaryotes help biosphere…

A

decomposers/help clean and recycle

42
Q

mutualism

A

both symbiotic organisms benefit

43
Q

commensalism

A

one organism benefits

44
Q

parasites

A

harm bit doesn’t kill host

45
Q

pathogen

A

can cause diseases

bio 191 (12 decks)

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