chapter 34

Question 1

diffusion

Answer 1

how small non polar cells move between other cells in their immediate surroundings

Question 2

circulatory system has three components

Answer 2

circulatory fluid, interconnecting vessels, the heart

Question 3

open circulatory system

Answer 3

circulatory fluid bathes organ directly

Question 4

hemolymph

Answer 4

general body fluid

Question 5

closed circulatory system

Answer 5

the circulatory fluid called blood is confined to vessels and is distinct from interstitial fluid

Question 6

arteries

Answer 6

branch into arterioles and carry blood away from the heart to capillaries

Question 7

capillary beds

Answer 7

sites of chemical exchange between the blood and interstitial fluid

Question 8

venules

Answer 8

converge into veins and return blood from capillaries to the heart

Question 9

atrium

Answer 9

where blood enters

Question 10

ventricle

Answer 10

where blood is pumped out of

Question 11

single circulation

Answer 11

blood leaving the heart passes through two capillary beds before returning

Question 12

double circulation

Answer 12

oxygen poor blood flows through pulmonary circuit to pick up oxygen through the lungs. oxygen rich blood delivers oxygen through the systemic circuit

Question 13

cardiac cycle

Answer 13

one complete sequence of pumping and filling

Question 14

atrioventricular valves (AV)

Answer 14

separate each atrium and ventricle

Question 15

semilunar valves

Answer 15

control blood flow to the aorta and the pulmonary artery

Question 16

systole

Answer 16

the contraction phase of the cycle

Question 17

diastole

Answer 17

the relaxation phase of the cycle

Question 18

lymphatic system

Answer 18

returns fluid called lymph that leaks out from the capillary beds

Question 19

lymph nodes

Answer 19

organs that filter lymph and play an important role in the body’s defense

Question 20

RBCs (erythrocytes)

Answer 20

transport O2 with hemoglobin

Question 21

plates

Answer 21

a third cellular element. involved in clotting

Question 22

WBCs (leukocytes)

Answer 22

function in immune defense

Question 23

atherosclerosis

Answer 23

is caused by the buildup of fatty deposits within arteries

Question 24

heart attack

Answer 24

is the death of cardiac muscle tissue resulting from blockage of coronary arteries

Question 25

stroke

Answer 25

is the death of nervous tissue in the brain resulting from the blockage of arteries in the head

Question 26

gas exchange

Answer 26

is the uptake of O2 and the discharge of CO2 from/to the environment

Question 27

countercurrent exchange system

Answer 27

where blood flows in the opposite direction to water passing over the gills

Question 28

tracheal system

Answer 28

network of air tubes that branch throughout the body of an insect

Question 29

lungs

Answer 29

are an unfolding of the body surface usually divided into numerous pockets

Question 30

pharynx

Answer 30

directs air to lungs

Question 31

negative pressure breathing

Answer 31

air is pulled into the lungs

Question 32

diaphragm

Answer 32

when lung volume increase this contracts which creates lower pressure in lung and air flows in