chapter 33

Question 1

nutrition

Answer 1

process of an animal taking food in

Question 2

herbivores

Answer 2

eat plants and algae

Question 3

carnivores

Answer 3

eat other animals

Question 4

omnivores

Answer 4

regularly consume animals and plants and algae

Question 5

essential nutrients

Answer 5

required by cells and must be obtained from dietary sources

Question 6

fatty acids

Answer 6

are concerted into a variety of cellular components such as membrane phospholipids, signaling molecules, and storage fats

Question 7

amino acids

Answer 7

must be obtained from food in preassembled form

Question 8

vitamins

Answer 8

are organic molecules required in the diet in small amounts

Question 9

minerals

Answer 9

are simple inorganic nutrients usually required in small amounts

Question 10

ingestion

Answer 10

act of eating or feeding

Question 11

digestion

Answer 11

the process of breaking food won into molecules small enough to absorb

Question 12

absorption

Answer 12

uptake of nutrients by body cells

Question 13

elimination

Answer 13

passage of undirected material out of the digestive system

Question 14

alimentary canal

Answer 14

complete digestive tract with a mouth and anus

Question 15

paristalsis

Answer 15

rhythmic contractions of muscles in the wall of the canal

Question 16

sphincters

Answer 16

regulate the movement of material between compartments

Question 17

oral cavity

Answer 17

first stage of digestion takes place here. it is mechanical

Question 18

salivary glands

Answer 18

deliver saliva to the oral cavity through ducts

Question 19

amylase

Answer 19

initiating breakdown of glucose polymers

Question 20

mucus

Answer 20

a viscous mixture of water, salts, cells, and glycoproteins

Question 21

bolus

Answer 21

tongue makes food into this shape to help swallow

Question 22

pharynx

Answer 22

is the junction that opens to both the esophagus and trachea

Question 23

esophagus

Answer 23

connects to the stomach

Question 24

trachea

Answer 24

leads to the lungs

Question 25

gastric juice

Answer 25

converts a meal to a mixture of food and digestive juice (chyme)

Question 26

pepsin

Answer 26

a protease

Question 27

gastric juice

Answer 27

hydrochloride acid and pepsin

Question 28

protease

Answer 28

protein-digesting enzyme

Question 29

small intestine

Answer 29

longest section of the alimentary canal. major organ for digestion and absorption

Question 30

duodenum

Answer 30

first portion of the small intestine. where chyme mixes with digestive juices from pancreas, liver, gallbladder, and intestine wall

Question 31

pancreas

Answer 31

produces proteases trypsin and chymotrypsin, amylase, and lipase

Question 32

bile

Answer 32

aids in digestion and absorption of fats. made into the liver and stored in the gallbladder

Question 33

villi and microvilli are found in

Answer 33

the small intestine and project into the intestinal lumen

Question 34

hepatic protagonists vein

Answer 34

carries nutrient-rich blood from the capillaries of villi to the liver then to the heart

Question 35

lacteal

Answer 35

where lipids are transported to

Question 36

cecum

Answer 36

aids in the fermentation of plant material and connects where the small and large intestines meet

Question 37

appendix

Answer 37

human cecum extension