chapter 32

Question 1

homeostasis

Answer 1

maintain a “steady state” or internal balance regardless of external environment

Question 2

tissues

Answer 2

groups of cells with similar appearances and common function

Question 3

organs

Answer 3

different types of tissues organized into functional units

Question 4

organ system

Answer 4

groups of organs that work together

Question 5

epithelial tissues

Answer 5

coverings and linings of the body/organs

Question 6

apical surfaces face…

Answer 6

lumen or outside

Question 7

basal surfaces faces..

Answer 7

underlying tissues

Question 8

connective tissues

Answer 8

cells scattered through an extracellular matrix (tendons, ligaments, fat, blood)

Question 9

muscle tissues

Answer 9

skeletal, cardiac, smooth

Question 10

skeletal tissues

Answer 10

voluntary and striated

Question 11

cardiac tissues

Answer 11

involuntary and striated

Question 12

smooth tissues

Answer 12

involuntary and unstriated

Question 13

nervous tissues

Answer 13

neurons conduct nerve impulses. glial cells support neuron functioning

Question 14

regulator

Answer 14

an animal that uses internal mechanisms to control internal change despite external fluctuation

Question 15

conformer

Answer 15

an animal that allows its internal condition to change in accordance with external changes

Question 16

set point

Answer 16

particular values that is achieved at homeostasis

Question 17

stimulus

Answer 17

fluctuations above or below the set point. detected and trigger a response

Question 18

negative feedback

Answer 18

a control mechanism that reduces the stimulus

Question 19

endocrine system

Answer 19

signaling molecules released by endocrine cells can reach all locations in the body

Question 20

nervous system

Answer 20

neurons transmit signals along dedicated routes, connecting specific locations in the body

Question 21

hormones

Answer 21

signaling molecules sent out by the endocrine system and carried by the blood

Question 22

hypothalamus

Answer 22

integrates endocrine and nervous systems

Question 23

pituitary gland

Answer 23

signals from the hypothalamus travel to a gland located at its base

Question 24

thyroid and parathyroid

Answer 24

maintains metabolism and blood calcium level

Question 25

pancreas

Answer 25

maintains blood sugar level

Question 26

adrenal glands

Answer 26

epinephrine secretion

Question 27

gonads

Answer 27

reproductive hormones

Question 28

osmoregulation

Answer 28

general term for the processes by which animals control solute concentrations in the interstitial fluid and balance water gain and loss

Question 29

osmoconformers

Answer 29

consisting of some marine animals, are isoosmotic with their surroundings and do not regulate their osmolarity

Question 30

osmoregulators

Answer 30

expend energy to control water uptake and loss in a hyperosmotic or hypoosmotic environment

Question 31

osmolarity

Answer 31

the solute concentration of a solution determines the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane

Question 32

vertebrates excrete…

Answer 32

urea

Question 33

reptiles excrete…

Answer 33

uric acid

Question 34

filtrate

Answer 34

derived from body fluids that produces urine

Question 35

filtration

Answer 35

filtering of body fluids (excretory systems)

Question 36

reabsorption

Answer 36

reclaiming valuable solutes (excretory systems)

Question 37

secretion

Answer 37

adding nonessential or toxic solutes and wastes from the body fluids to the filtrate (excretory system)

Question 38

excretion

Answer 38

releasing processed filtrate containing nitrogenous wastes from the body (excretory systems)

Question 39

in vertebrates kidney functions in…

Answer 39

osmoregulation and excretion

Question 40

antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Answer 40

makes the collecting duct temporarily more permeable to water