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Biology 152 > Chapter 35 Questions > Flashcards

Chapter 35 Questions Flashcards

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1
Q

When you eat Brussels sprouts, you are eating ___.

a. storage leaves
b. large axillary buds
c. petioles
d. immature flowers

A

b. large axillary buds

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2
Q

Some of the largest leaves in the world can be found on plants near the floor of dense tropical rain forests. Which of the following precursors for photosynthesis is most likely limited in these large leaves?

a. light
b. glucose
c. oxygen
d. carbon dioxide

A

a. light

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3
Q

Leaf thickness represents a trade-off between ___.

a. water retention and carbon dioxide absorption
b. light collection and oxygen absorption
c. light collection and carbon dioxide absorption
d. water remains and oxygen absorption

A

a. water retention and carbon dioxide absorption

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4
Q

One important difference between the anatomy of roots and the anatomy of leaves is that ___.

a. vascular tissue is found in roots but is absent from leaves
b. a waxy cuticle covers leaves but is absent from roots
c. leaves have epidermal tissue but roots do not
d. root cells have cell walls and leaf cells do not
e. only leaves have phloem and only roots have xylem

A

b. a waxy cuticle covers leaves but is absent from roots

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5
Q

Which of the following arise, directly or indirectly, from meristematic activity?

a. dermal tissue
b. secondary xylem
c. leaves
d. secondary xylem, leaves, dermal tissue, and tubers

A

d. secondary xylem, leaves, dermal tissue, and tubers

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6
Q

Apical meristems of dicots are at the tips of stems. Apical meristems of grasses are at ground level or slightly below, concealed by the leaves. What does this mean when considering care of a lawn or soccer field?

a. If you mow right at ground level, the leaves can keep growing with no problem.
b. If you mow two inches above ground level, the apical meristem can keep producing new cells.
c. If you mow two inches above ground level, most apical meristems will be cut down.
d. Grass mowed two inches above ground level grows at a slower rate compared to grass mowed three inches above the ground level.

A

b. If you mow two inches above ground level, the apical meristem can keep producing new cells.

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7
Q

In a meristematic region, the cell plate during mitosis is perpendicular to the side of the stem. In what direction will the stem grow?

a. vertically in height
b. away from the sun
c. laterally in width
d. at a 45-degree angle from the ground

A

a. vertically in height

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8
Q

Mitotic activity by the apical meristem of a root makes which of the following more possible?

a. effective lateral growth of the stem
b. decreased absorption of mineral nutrients
c. increased delivery of water to the aboveground stem
d. increased absorption of carbon dioxide

A

c. increased delivery of water to the aboveground stem

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9
Q

As a youngster, you drive a nail in the trunk of a young tree that is 3 meters tall. The nail is about 1.5 meters from the ground. Fifteen years later, you return and discover that the tree has grown to a height of 30 meters. About how many meters above the ground is the nail?

a. 3.0
b. 15.0
c. 1.5
d. 0.5

A

c. 1.5

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10
Q

You find a plant unfamiliar to you and observe that it has vascular bundles scattered throughout the stem cross-section. What do you conclude about the plant?

a. It will probably get annual rings of wood.
b. It could be either a young eudicot or a monocot.
c. It is probably a monocot.
d. It is probably an herbaceous eudicot.

A

c. It is probably a monocot.

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11
Q

A student examining leaf cross-sections under a microscope finds many loosely packed cells with relatively thin cell walls. The cells have numerous chloroplasts. What type of cells are they?

a. parenchyma
b. endodermis
c. sclerenchyma
d. collenchyma

A

a. parenchyma

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12
Q 
Figure: Cross-section of plant leaf
The main function associated with structure X \_\_.
a. retention of water
b. absorption of carbon dioxide
c. release of carbon dioxide
d. collection of light
A

a. retention of water

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13
Q

Increasing the number of stomata per unit surface area of a leaf when atmospheric carbon dioxide levels decline is most analogous to a human ___.

a. removing red blood cells from circulation when atmospheric oxygen levels increase
b. putting more red blood cells into circulation when atmospheric oxygen levels decline
c. breathing faster as atmospheric carbon dioxide levels increase
d. increasing the volume of its lungs when atmospheric carbon dioxide levels increase

A

b. putting more red blood cells into circulation when atmospheric oxygen levels decline

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14
Q

A plant has the following characteristics: a taproot system, several growth rings evident in a cross-section of the stem, and a layer of bark around the outside. Which of the following best describes the plant?

a. herbaceous eudicot
b. woody monocot
c. woody eudicot
d. herbaceous monocot

A

c. woody eudicot

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15
Q

If you were able to walk into an opening cut into the center of a large redwood tree, when you exited from the middle of the trunk (stem) outward, you would cross, in order, ___.

a. the secondary xylem, secondary phloem, and vascular cambium
b. the annual rings, new xylem, vascular cambium, phloem, and bark
c. the secondary xylem, cork cambium, phloem, and periderm
d. the vascular cambium, oldest xylem, and newest xylem

A

b. the annual rings, new xylem, vascular cambium, phloem, and bark

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16
Q

Plants differ from animals in that some of their growth is more likely to be _____.

a. a result of cell elongation
b. radial
c. determinate
d. indeterminate
e. embryonic

A

d. indeterminate

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17
Q

Plant meristems _____.

a. offer structural support to reproductive organs
b. generate new cells for growth and control the developmental phases of plants
c. are only located at the young growing tips of branches
d. are the cells adjacent to the stomata

A

b. generate new cells for growth and control the developmental phases of plants

18
Q

As a woody stem grows, the epidermis is lost and its function is taken over by the _____.

a. periderm
b. pericycle
c. ground tissue
d. vascular cambium
e. secondary phloem

A

a. periderm

19
Q

Which of the following adaptations allows for transport of water in woody stems?

a. vessel elements
b. the pericycle
c. pneumatophores
d. sieve-tube elements
e. bundle-sheath cells

A

a. vessel elements

20
Q

The endodermis _____.

a. protects the stem’s vascular cambium from insect damage and pathogens
b. is the layer of cells from which lateral roots develop
c. is a root tissue that selectively regulates passage of molecules into the vascular cylinder
d. is a tissue in the apical meristem that protects the flower bud

A

c. is a root tissue that selectively regulates passage of molecules into the vascular cylinder

21
Q

Sugars formed in the leaves through photosynthesis are transported to the roots through the _____.

a. pith
b. epidermis
c. heartwood
d. phloem
e. cortex

A

d. phloem

22
Q

When you are eating potatoes and onions, you’re eating _____.

a. roots and shoots
b. stems and leaves
c. roots and leaves
d. shoots and flowers
e. taproot and pith

A

b. stems and leaves

23
Q

You lean back against an old oak tree on campus. Your back is touching the _____.

a. primary phloem
b. cortex
c. epidermis
d. periderm
e. secondary phloem

A

d. periderm

24
Q

The increase in girth of woody plants is mainly due to the production of more _____.

a. phloem
b. xylem
c. pith
d. cortex
e. bark

A

b. xylem

25
Q

You carve your initials 1.5 m above the ground in a tree that is 10 m tall. Twenty years later, when the tree is 25 m tall, your initials will be _____ above the ground.

a. 1.0 m
b. 1.5 m
c. 2.5 m
d. 11.5 m
e. 18.5 m

A

b. 1.5 m

26
Q

Which parts of the plant shown in the figure are typically considered determinate structures?
Figure.
a. stems and leaves
b. all the parts of the shoot system
c. leaf blades, petioles, internodes, and the structures of the flower
d. the axillary buds and apical tips of the lateral roots
e. just the leaves

A

c. leaf blades, petioles, internodes, and the structures of the flower

27
Q

In what order would the following structures be encountered when moving from the outside to the center of a typical eudicot stem?

a. epidermal cell, pith, sieve-tube elements, sclerenchyma cells, pith, xylem tissue
b. epidermal cell, mesophyll, vascular bundle, pith
c. epidermal cell, cortex, endodermal cell, pericycle, stele, pith
d. epidermal cell, parenchyma cells, fiber cells, sieve-tube elements, vessel members, parenchyma cells
e. endodermal cell, cortex, vascular tissue, pith

A

d. epidermal cell, parenchyma cells, fiber cells, sieve-tube elements, vessel members, parenchyma cells

28
Q

If the cortical cells in the root shown in cross section were all moved clockwise one cell relative to the outer epidermal cells, how would root hair production be different?

a. The same epidermal cells would still make root hairs.
b. The epidermal cells that make root hairs would also shift.
c. None of the epidermal cells would make root hairs.
d. All the epidermal cellswould eventually make root hairs.

A

b. The epidermal cells that make root hairs would also shift.

29
Q

Which of the following best explains the difference between the earlier and later leaves of the plant shown?

a. There has been a mutation of genes leading to altered leaf development.
b. A change in how the leaf cells have expanded has occurred, altering the leaf shape.
c. The structure of the shoot apical meristem has changed, producing differently shaped leaves.
d. A change in phase in the shoot apical meristem altered thepattern of leaf development.
e. Altered light conditions have induced a change in the pattern of gene expression.

A

d. A change in phase in the shoot apical meristem altered thepattern of leaf development.

30
Q

You are studying a plant that is tall, with lots of leaf area to catch wind. Which of the following do you expect it to have?

a. prop roots
b. stolons
c. petioles
d. reproductive leaves
e. extra mesophyll

A

a. prop roots

31
Q

Which tissue system is the greatest obstacle to the entry of pathogens into a plant?

a. dermal
b. vascular
c. ground
d. b and c equally

A

a. dermal

32
Q

Which meristem is most important for the wooden door of your classroom?

a. root apical meristem
b. vascular cambium
c. cork cambium
d. shoot apical meristem
e. none of the above

A

b. vascular cambium

33
Q

The removal of which of the following would harm photosynthesis the most?

a. root hairs
b. cuticle
c. mesophyll
d. phloem

A

c. mesophyll

34
Q

If you were a pollinator, what flower part would you usually notice first?

a. petals
b. sepals
c. stamens
d. carpels
e. receptacle

A

a. petals

35
Q

Imagine that you are eating a fruit that is new to you, and you notice the tough texture of the flesh. Which of the following does the flesh likely have a large amount of?

a. root hairs
b. stomates
c. sclereids
d. layers of cuticle
e. cambiums

A

c. sclereids

36
Q

Most of the growth of a plant body is the result of

a. cell differentiation.
b. morphogenesis.
c. cell division.
d. cell elongation.

A

d. cell elongation.

37
Q

The innermost layer of the root cortex is the

a. core.
b. pericycle.
c. endodermis.
d. pith.

A

c. endodermis.

38
Q

Heartwood and sapwood consist of

a. bark.
b. periderm.
c. secondary xylem.
d. secondary phloem.

A

c. secondary xylem.

39
Q

The phase change of an apical meristem from the juvenile to the mature vegetative phase is often revealed by

a. a change in the morphology of the leaves produced.
b. the initiation of secondary growth.
c. the formation of lateral roots.
d. the activation of floral meristem identity genes.

A

a. a change in the morphology of the leaves produced.

40
Q

Suppose a flower had normal expression of genes A and C and expression of gene B in all four whorls. Based on the ABC hypothesis, what would be the structure of that flower, starting at the outermost whorl?

a. carpel-petal-petal-carpel
b. petal-petal-stamen-stamen
c. sepal-carpel-carpel-sepal
d. sepal-sepal-carpel-carpel

A

b. petal-petal-stamen-stamen

41
Q

Which of the following arise(s), directly or indirectly, from meristematic activity?

a. secondary xylem
b. leaves
c. dermal tissue
d. all of the above

A

d. all of the above

42
Q

Which of the following would not be seen in a cross section through the woody part of a root?

a. sclerenchyma cells
b. parenchyma cells
c. sieve-tube elements
d. root hairs

A

d. root hairs

Biology 152 (28 decks)

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