Chapter 34- Alterations iof Pulmonary Function in Children

Question 1

During times of respiratory distress, the infants chest wall may flex inward and limit functional respiratory capacity because of chest wall ____ and _______.

Answer 1

flexibility, compliance

Question 2

At birth, the infant has small, immature alveoli that cause ____ to flow.

Answer 2

increased resistance

Question 3

Surfactant production begins by ____ weeks of gestation

Answer 3

20-40 weeks

Question 4

Failure to produce surfactant at birth results in severe ______ RDS of the newborn.

Answer 4

ateletasis

Question 5

______ is a disease process primarily caused by hyper responsive airways that are sensitive to certain environmental triggers.

Answer 5

asthma

Question 6

Children have greater ____ and ____ than do adults.

Answer 6

metabolic rates and oxygen consumption

Question 7

Epiglottitis is characterized by :

a. gradual onset
b. severe stridor
c. harsh cough
d. nasal discharge

Answer 7

b. severe stridor

Question 8

Laryngotracheobronchitis is characterized by :

a. drooling
b. H. influenza infections
c. group a streptococcal infections
d. inflammation from vocal cords to bronchial lumina

Answer 8

d. inflammation from vocal cords to bronchial lumina

Question 9

The most common cause of bronchiolitis is :

a. H. Influenzae
b. exposure to allergens
c. Parainfluenza virus
d. respiratory syncytial virus

Answer 9

d. respiratory syncytial virus

Question 10

Most children who aspirate foreign objects:

a. exhibit quiescent intervals before symptoms appear
b. remove the offending object by coughing
c. lodged in the trachea exhibit wheezing
d. lodged in the airway exhibit stridor

Answer 10

a. exhibit quiescent intervals before symptoms appear

Question 11

Staphylococcal pneumonia results in:

a. mild systemic symptoms
b. upper respiratory tract involvement
c. lobar involvement
d. atypical pneumonia

Answer 11

c. lobar involvement

Question 12

Which is true of childhood pneumonias:

a. all pneumonias are mostly lobar
b. systemic involvement is greater in viral than in bacterial pneumonias
c. Viral pneumonias are often preceded by a “cold”
d. All of the above are correct

Answer 12

c. Viral pneumonias are often preceded by a “cold”

Question 13

Which statement about SIDS is true:

a. it commonly occurs during autumn
b. its etiology is known
c. it occurs between 3 and 4 months of age
d. It may be effectively treated

Answer 13

c. it occurs between 3 and 4 months of age

Question 14

Cystic fibrosis is:

a. a multi system disease
b. a defect that results in the overproduction of viscous mucus
c. a disease for which it is difficult to detect carriers through genetic testing
d. diagnosed by sweat chloride testing
e. a,b,d are correct

Answer 14

e. a,b,d are correct

Question 15

Asthma:

a. triggers include allergens and viruses
b. of affected individuals may be assumed to be cured if they are asymptomatic for a number of years
c. is characterized by hyper responsive airways
d. a & c are correct
e. a,b, and c are correct

Answer 15

d. a & c are correct

Question 16

Respiratory distress syndrome of the newborn:

a. exhibits vasodilation of the pulmonary vascular bed
b. develops less capillary permeability, which causes fibrin deposits
c. can be treated with nitric oxide to alleviate pulmonary HTN
d. can be treated at birth by the administration of glucocorticoids

Answer 16

c. can be treated with nitric oxide to alleviate pulmonary HTN

Question 17

Match with circumstance or cause with the alteration

Chronic Condition

a. asthma
b. cystic fibrosis
c. laryngotracheobronchitis
d. bronchopulmonary dysplasia
e. epiglottitis
f. respiratory distress syndrome

Answer 17

a. asthma
b. cystic fibrosis
d. bronchopulmonary dysplasia

Question 18

Match with circumstance or cause with the alteration

Genetic Predisposition

a. asthma
b. cystic fibrosis
c. laryngotracheobronchitis
d. bronchopulmonary dysplasia
e. epiglottitis
f. respiratory distress syndrome

Answer 18

a. asthma

b. cystic fibrosis

Question 19

Match with circumstance or cause with the alteration

May result in persistent fetal circulation

a. asthma
b. cystic fibrosis
c. laryngotracheobronchitis
d. bronchopulmonary dysplasia
e. epiglottitis
f. respiratory distress syndrome

Answer 19

f. respiratory distress syndrome

Question 20

Match with circumstance or cause with the alteration

May be a consequence of prematurity

a. asthma
b. cystic fibrosis
c. laryngotracheobronchitis
d. bronchopulmonary dysplasia
e. epiglottitis
f. respiratory distress syndrome

Answer 20

d. bronchopulmonary dysplasia

f. respiratory distress syndrome

Question 21

Match with circumstance or cause with the alteration

Acute, life threatening infection

a. asthma
b. cystic fibrosis
c. laryngotracheobronchitis
d. bronchopulmonary dysplasia
e. epiglottitis
f. respiratory distress syndrome

Answer 21

e. epiglottitis

Question 22

Match with circumstance or cause with the alteration

Parainfluenza virus

a. asthma
b. cystic fibrosis
c. laryngotracheobronchitis
d. bronchopulmonary dysplasia
e. epiglottitis
f. respiratory distress syndrome

Answer 22

c. laryngotracheobronchitis

Question 23

Match with circumstance or cause with the alteration

Neonatal chronic lung disease

a. asthma
b. cystic fibrosis
c. laryngotracheobronchitis
d. bronchopulmonary dysplasia
e. epiglottitis
f. respiratory distress syndrome

Answer 23

d. bronchopulmonary dysplasia

Question 24

Match with circumstance or cause with the alteration

Occurs epidemically in fall and winter

a. asthma
b. cystic fibrosis
c. laryngotracheobronchitis
d. bronchopulmonary dysplasia
e. epiglottitis
f. respiratory distress syndrome

Answer 24

c. laryngotracheobronchitis

Question 25

Match with circumstance or cause with the alteration

Inflammatory basis with hyper responsive airways

a. asthma
b. cystic fibrosis
c. laryngotracheobronchitis
d. bronchopulmonary dysplasia
e. epiglottitis
f. respiratory distress syndrome

Answer 25

a. asthma