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Patho Workbook #2 > Chapter 29 - Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems > Flashcards

Chapter 29 - Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems Flashcards

1
Q

Oxygenated blood flows through the:

a. superior vena cava
b. pulmonary veins
c. pulmonary arteries
d. coronary veins

A

b. pulmonary veins

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2
Q

The hepatic vein:

a. carries blood from the vena cava to the liver
b. carries blood from the liver to the vena cava
c. carries blood from the aorta to the liver
d. carries blood from the liver to the aorta

A

b. carries blood from the liver to the vena cava

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3
Q

Insulin protects vascular tissue by:

a. increasing growth of vascular smooth muscle cells
b. increasing endothelial cell production of nitric oxide
c. increasing the effect of platelet-derived growth factor
d. increasing the binding of monocytes/macrophages to the vessel wall

A

b. increasing endothelial cell production of nitric oxide

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4
Q

The pericardial space is found between the:

a. myocardium and the parietal pericardium
b. endocardium and the visceral pericardium
c. visceral and the parietal pericardia
d. visceral and the epicardial pericardia

A

c. visceral and the parietal pericardia

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5
Q

The QRS complex of the ECG represents:

a. atrial depolarization
b. ventricular depolarization
c. atrial contraction
d. ventricular repolarization
e. atrial repolarization

A

b. ventricular depolarization

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6
Q

A person who has a heart rate of 100 beats per minute, a systolic BP of 200 mmHg and a stroke volume of 40 ml would have an average cardiac output of:

a. 0.5 ml
b. 5 L
c. 4 ml
d. 800 ml
e. none of the above is correct

A

e. none of the above is correct

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7
Q

During atrial systole, the:

a. AV valves are open
b. atria are filling
c. ventricles are emptying
d. semilunar valves are open

A

a. AV valves are open

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8
Q

Which of the following does NOT significantly affect heart rate?

a. temperature
b. age
c. presence of heart murmur
d. Na+ and K+ ions

A

c. presence of heart murmur

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9
Q

One cardiac cycle:

a. has a duration that changes if the heart rate changes
b. usually requires less than 1 second to complete
c. is equal to stroke volume times heart rate
d. pumps approximately 5 liters of blood
e. both a and b are correct

A

e. both a and b are correct

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10
Q

Compared with arteries, veins:

a. have a larger diameter
b. are thickly coated
c. recoil quickly after distention
d. both a and b are correct

A

a. have a larger diameter

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11
Q

When the intraventricular pressure becomes greater than the pressure in the pulmonary arteries, the:

a. semilunar valves will open
b. semilunar valves will close
c. AV valves will open
d. AV valves will close

A

a. semilunar valves will open

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12
Q

The two distinct heart sounds, “lubb” and “dubb”, are most directly related to:

a. pulse pressure in the aorta
b. the contraction of the ventricles
c. turbulence from the closing of valves
d. contraction of the atria

A

c. turbulence from the closing of valves

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13
Q

Normal end-diastolic pressure within the left ventricle is in the range of:

a. 100 to 140 mmHg
b. 15 to 28 mmHg
c. 0 to 8 mmHg
d. 4 to 12 mmHg

A

d. 4 to 12 mmHg

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14
Q

The Frank-Starling “law of the heart” involves the relationship between:

a. the length of the cardiac muscle fiber and the strength of contraction
b. stroke volume and arterial resistance
c. rapidity of nerve conduction and stroke volume
d. systolic rate and cardiac output

A

a. the length of the cardiac muscle fiber and the strength of contraction

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15
Q

Blood pressure is measured by the:

a. pressure exerted on the ventricular walls during systole
b. pressure exerted by the blood on the wall of any blood vessel
c. pressure exerted on the arteries by the blood
d. product of the stroke volume times heart rate

A

c. pressure exerted on arteries by the blood

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16
Q

The heartbeat is initiated by the:

a. coronary sinus
b. atrioventricular bundle
c. right ventricle
d. SA node
e. AV node

A

d. SA node

17
Q

If the sympathetic nervous system stimulation of the heart predominates over parasympathetic nervous stimulation, the heart will:

a. increase its rate
b. contract with greater force and at a slower rate
c. decrease its rate and force of contraction
d. contract with less force and at a higher rate

A

a. increase its rate

18
Q

Adrenomedullin (ADM):

a. exhibits powerful vasoconstriction activity
b. is present only in cardiovascular tissue
c. mediates sodium reabsorption
d. exhibits powerful vasodilation activity

A

d. exhibits powerful vasodilation activity

19
Q

Which factor might increase resistance to the floow of blood through the blood vessels?

a. an increased inner radius or diameter of the blood vessels
b. a decreased number of capillaries
c. a decreased blood viscosity
d. a decreased number of red blood cells

A

b. a decreased number of capillaries

20
Q

Nitric oxide is:

a. a potent vasodilator
b. a potent vasoconstrictor
c. endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF)
d. an inhibitor of platelet adherence to the endothelium
e. both a and c are correct

A

e. both a and c are correct

21
Q

Which of the following is TRUE?

a. lymphatic walls consist of multiple layers of flattened endothelial cells
b. lymph from the entire body, except the upper right quadrant
c. The thoracic duct has approximately the same diameter as the great veins
d. lymph contains more proteins than does blood plasma
e. the lymphatic system, like the circulatory system, is a closed circuit

A

b. lymph from the entire body, except the upper right quadrant, eventually drains into the thoracic duct

22
Q

Which event(s) is/are part of the normal cardiac cycle?

a. the right atrium and the right ventricles contract simultaneously
b. the two atria contract simultaneously while the two ventricles relax
c. the two ventricles contract simultaneously while the two atria relax
d. both the ventricles and the atria contract simultaneously to increase cardiac output

A

b. the two atrial contract simultaneously while the two ventricles relax
c. the two ventricles contract simultaneously while the two atria relax

23
Q

What factor(s) assist the return of venous blood to the heart?

a. peripheral pooling
b. venous valves
c. increased intra-abdominal pressure
d. respiratory movements
e. contraction of skeletal muscle

A

b. venous valves
d. respiratory movements
e. contraction of skeletal muscles

24
Q

Alphabetize the correct sequence as blood travels through the following structures:

a. pulmonary veins
b. pulmonary arteries
c. lungs
d. right ventricle
e. left atrium

A

d. right ventricle
b. pulmonary arteries
c. lungs
a. pulmonary veins
e. left atrium

25
Q

Alphabetize the normal sequence of an electrical impulse through the heart’s conduction system.

a. atrioventricular bundle
b. AV node
c. Purkinje fibers
d. SA node
e. right and left bundle branches

A

d. SA node
b. AV node
a. atrioventricular bundle
e. right and left bundle branches
c. Purkinje fibers

Patho Workbook #2 (11 decks)

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