Chapter 23- Alterations of the Reproductive System

Question 1

The cause of dysmenorrhea usually involves:

a. excessive endometrial prostaglandin production
b. failure of ovarian follicle maturation
c. decreased myometrial contractions
d. purulent material draining from the uterine tube

Answer 1

a. excessive endometrial prostaglandin production

Question 2

Secondary amenorrhea is:

a. failure to begin menstruation by age 20
b. menarche failure
c. increased myometrial vasculature constriction
d. the absence of menstruation following menarche

Answer 2

d. the absence of menstruation following menarche

Question 3

What is the likely pathophysiology of PMS?

a. elevated prolactin levels cause salt and water retention
b. elevated aldosterone levels cause salt and water retention
c. an abnormal nervous, immunologic, vascular, and gastrointestinal response to the menstrual cycle is causative
d. both a and b are correct

Answer 3

c. an abnormal nervous, immunologic, vascular, and gastrointestinal response to the menstrual cycle is causative

Question 4

A yeast vaginitis may be caused by:

a. an overgrowth of Candida albicans
b. a declining number of lactobacilli
c. the chronic use of antibiotics
d. a, b, and c are correct
e. none of the above is correct

Answer 4

d. a, b, and c are correct

Question 5

Vulvovestibulitis:

a. is an inflammation of the cervix
b. can be caused by contact with perfumed toilet paper or menstrual pads
c. is an inflammation of the Bartholin glands
d. is a vaginal infection that has spread to the labia
e. both b and c are correct

Answer 5

e. both b and c are correct

Question 6

Ovarian cancer exhibits:

a. smooth muscle lesion features
b. human papillomavirus infection
c. ectopic endometrial functioning tissue
d. increased serum levels of CA-125
e. both b and c are correct

Answer 6

d. increased serum levels of CA-125

Question 7

Depressed T-cell function is associated with:

a. follicular cysts
b. endometrial polyps
c. leiomyomas
d. adenomyosis
e. endometriosis

Answer 7

e. endometriosis

Question 8

It is possible that repeated pregnancies cause:

a. ovarian cysts
b. endometriosis
c. leiomyomas
d. adenomyosis
e. polyps

Answer 8

d. adenomyosis

Question 9

A 42-year-old retired prostitute who became sexually active at 14 years of age is at risk to develop:

a. endometriosis
b. cervical carcinoma
c. breast cancer
d. uterine carcinoma

Answer 9

b. cervical carcinoma

Question 10

Your neighbor’s obese grandmother has breast cancer. Your neighbor’s risk factors are greatest for which of the following types of cancer?

a. cervical
b. vaginal
c. endometrial
d. ovarian

Answer 10

c. endometrial

Question 11

Painful intercourse is:

a. the inability to achieve orgasm
b. inhibited sexual desire
c. muscle spasm in response to attempted penetration
d. dyspareunia

Answer 11

d. dyspareunia

Question 12

Female breast cancer pathophysiology involves:

a. BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations
b. reactive oxygen species
c. endogenous and exogenous estrogens and their receptors
d. Her-2/neu gene mutations
e. all of the above are correct

Answer 12

e. all of the above are correct

Question 13

Phimosis is:

a. a thickening of the fascia in the erectile tissue of the corpora cavernosa
b. a condition in which a retracted foreskin cannot be moved forward
c. a condition in which the foreskin cannot be retracted
d. caused by poor hygiene and chronic infection
e. both c and d are correct

Answer 13

e. both c and d are correct

Question 14

A varicocele is an intrascrotal disorder that:

a. results in a collection of fluid within the tunica vaginalis
b. occurs because of independent or congenitally absent valves in the spermatic veins
c. is located between the head of the epididymis and the testis
d. does not interfere with spermatogenesis

Answer 14

b. occurs because of independent or congenitally absent valves in the spermatic veins

Question 15

Cryptochidism is:

a. underdevelopment of the testes
b. the absence of scrotal tissue
c. relieved by scrotal support
d. failure of the testes to descend into the scrotum
e. an imbalance between the secreting and absorptive capacities of scrotal tissues

Answer 15

d. failure of the testes to descend into the scrotum

Question 16

The infectious cause of orchitis is:

a. streptococci
b. gonococci
c. chlamydial organisms
d. mumps virus

Answer 16

d. mumps virus

Question 17

Which of the following organisms can cause epididymitis?

a. Enterobacteriaceae
b. Neisseria gonorrhoeae
c. Pseudomonas aeruginosa
d. All of the above are correct
e. None of the above are correct

Answer 17

d. All of the above are correct

Question 18

In benign prostatic hyperplasia, enlargement of periurethral tissue of the prostate causes:

a. obstruction of the urethra
b. inflammation of the testis
c. decreased urinary outflow from the bladder
d. abnormal dialation of a vein within the spermatic cord
e. tension of the spermatic cord and testis

Answer 18

a. obstruction of the urethra

Question 19

A major cause of recurrent urinary tract infections in the male is:

a. orchitis
b. balanitis
c. epididymitis
d. chronic bacterial prostatitis
e. nonbacterial proststitis

Answer 19

d. chronic bacterial prostatitis

Question 20

A symptom or sign of late-stage prostatic cancer is:

a. a slow urinary stream
b. frequency of urination
c. incomplete emptying of the bladder
d. mental confusion
e. a, b, and c are correct

Answer 20

d. mental confusion

Question 21

Male sexual dysfunction may be caused by:

a. infection around the introitus
b. diabetes mellitus
c. infected hymenal remnants
d. none of the above are correct

Answer 21

b. diabetes mellitus

Question 22

Which of the following is true about acute pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)?

a. It primarily affects males
b. It is usually caused by a virus
c. It never causes peritonitis
d. It involves the epididymis
e. It may cause infertility or tubular pregnancy

Answer 22

e. It may cause infertility or tubular pregnancy

Question 23

Female breast disorders exhibiting proliferative lesions with atypia have:

a. no added risk for cancer development
b. similar risk for fibrocystic disease
c. slightly increased risk for cancer development
d. increased risk for cancer development

Answer 23

d. increased risk for cancer development

Question 24

Breast cancer:

a. exhibits fluctuating lesion size
b. pain increases as menstruation approaches
c. exhibits painless bumps
d. at age 50 years affects in females

Answer 24

c. exhibits painless bumps

Question 25

After metastasis, female breast cancer manifests as:

a. nipple puckering
b. bone pain
c. nipple discharge
d. skin refraction over the lesion
e. a, c, and d are correct

Answer 25

b. bone pain