Chapter 32- Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System Flashcards
Considering the sequence of structures through which air enters the pulmonary system, the pharynx is to the trachea as the :
a. bronchioles are to the segmental bronchi
b. alveoli are to the alveolar ducts
c. alveolar ducts are to the respiratory
d. respiratory bronchioles are to the aveolar ducts
d. respiratory bronchioles are to the aveolar ducts
The cilia of the bronchial wall
a. ingest bacteria
b. trigger the sneeze reflex
c. trap and remove bacteria
d. propel mucus and trapped bacteria toward the oropharynx
d. propel mucus and trapped bacteria toward the oropharynx
As the terminal bronchioles are approached
a. the epithelium becomes thicker
b. mucus producing glands increase
c. the epithelium becomes thinner
d. cartilaginous support increases
e. the smooth muscle layer thickens
c. the epithelium becomes thinner
the left bronchus:
a. is shorter and wider than the right
b. is symmetrical to the right
has a course that is more vertical that that of the right
d. is more angled than the right
e. has more bronchial wall layers than the right
d. is more angled than the right
The respiratory unit consist of:
a. cilia
b. bronchiolar arteries and veins
c. goblet cells and alveoli
d. respiratory bronchioles and alveoli
d. respiratory bronchioles and alveoli
An increase of carbon dioxide in arterial blood causes chemoreceptors to stimulate the respiratory centers to:
a. decrease respiratory rate
b. increase respiratory rate
c. cause hypocapnia
d. cause hypercapnia
b. increase respiratory rate
Surfactant:
a. facilitates O2 exchange
b. produces nutrients for the alveoli
c. permits air exchange between alveolar ducts
d. facilitates alveolar expansion during inspiration
e. all of the above are correct
d. facilitates alveolar expansion during inspiration
During expiration, which of the following relationships is true?
a. as the lung volume decreases, the number of molecules of the gas increases
b. as the lung pressure increases, the number of molecules of gas increases
c. as the lung volume decreases, the pressure increases
d. as the partial pressure increases, less gas will dissolve in a liquid
c. as the lung volume decreases, the pressure increases
When the diaphragm and external intercostal contract,
a. the intrathoracic volume increases
b. the intrathoracic pressure increases
c. the intrathoracic volume decreases
d. none of the above is correct
a. the intrathoracic volume increases
Oxygen diffusion from the alveolus to the alveolar capillary occurs because:
a. the P02 is less in the capillary than in the alveolus
b. the P02 is greater in the atmosphere than in the arterial blood
c. oxygen diffuses faster than C02
d. the PO2 is higher in the capillary than in the alveolus
a. the P02 is less in the capillary than in the alveolus
A shift to the right in the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve:
a. prevents oxygen release at the cellular level
b. causes oxygen to bind tighter to hemoglobin
c. improves oxygen release at the cellular level
d. causes alkalosis
c. improves oxygen release at the cellular level
In which sequence does PO2 progressively decrease?
A. blood in aorta, atmospheric air, body tissues
b. body tissues, arterial blood, alveolar air
c. body tissues, alveolar air, arterial blood
d. atmospheric air, blood in aorta, body tissues
d. atmospheric air, blood in aorta, body tissues
Most O2 is carried in the blood _____; most CO2 is carried ____.
a. dissolved in plasma, associated with salt or an acid
b. bound to hemoglobin, associated with bicarbonate or carbonic acid
c. combined with albumin, associated with carbonic acid and hemoglobin
d. bound to hemoglobin, bound to albumin
b. bound to hemoglobin, associated with bicarbonate or carbonic acid
Alveoli are well suited for diffusion of respiratory gases because:
a. they are small and thus have a small total surface area
b. vascularization is minimal, thereby allowing greater air circulation
c. they contain four thick layers, which prevent air leakage
d. they contain surfactant, which helps prevent alveolar collapse
d. they contain surfactant, which helps prevent alveolar collapse
Which ordinarily brings about the greatest increase in the rate of respiration:
a. Hypercapnia (excess CO2)
b. Increased O2
c. Increased arterial PH
d. Sudden rise in blood pressure
a. Hypercapnia (excess CO2)