Chapter 33- Alterations of Pulmonary Function

Question 1

High altitudes may produce hypoxemia by:
a . right to left shunts
b. atelectasis
c. decreased oxygen inspiration
d. emphysema
e. all of the above are correct

Answer 1

c. decreased oxygen inspiration

Question 2

In ARDS, increased alveolocapillary membrane permeability mainly is due to:

a. alveolar epithelial damage
b. decreased surfactant
c. vasoconstriction
d. ventilation to perfusion mismatching
e. inflammatory mediators released

Answer 2

e. inflammatory mediators released

Question 3

Type II pneumocyte damage causes:

a. increased alveolocapillary permeability
b. chemotaxis for neutrophils
c. exudation of fluid from capillaries into the interstitium
d. decreased surfactant production
e. all of the above are correct

Answer 3

d. decreased surfactant production

Question 4

Pulmonary edema may be caused by

a. hypoventilation
b. CNS abnormalities
c. atelectasis
d. rupture of pleura
e. increased pulmonary hydrostatic pressure

Answer 4

e. increased pulmonary hydrostatic pressure

Question 5

In asthma:

a. bronchial muscles contract
b. bronchial muscles relax
c. mucous secretions decrease
d. imbalances within the CNS develop

Answer 5

a. bronchial muscles contract

Question 6

In emphysema,

a. there is increased area for gaseous exchange.
b. there are prolonged inspiration
c. the bronchioles are primarily involved
d. there is increased diaphragm movement
e. alveoli are less able to recoil and expel air

Answer 6

e. alveoli are less able to recoil and expel air

Question 7

In pneumococcal pneumonia, the stage of grey hepatization is characterized by:

a. solidification of tissue
b. fibrin deposition
c. alveoli filling with blood cells and pneumococci
d. macrophages appearing in a alveolar spaces

Answer 7

b. fibrin deposition

Question 8

Pulmonary HTN:

a. shows an enlarged pulmonary artery
b. involves deep vein thrombosis
c. shows right ventricular hypertrophy
d. both a & c are correct
e. both a,b,c are correct

Answer 8

d. both a & c are correct

Question 9

Cor Pulmonale:

a. occurs in response to long standing pulmonary HTN
b. is right heart failure
c. is manifested by altered tricuspid and pulmonic valve sounds
d. both b & c are correct
e. a,b,c are correct

Answer 9

e. a,b,c are correct

Question 10

A lung cancer characterized by many anaplastic figures and the production of hormones is most likely :

a. squamous cell carcinoma
b. small cell carcinoma
c. large cell carcinoma
d. adenocarcinoma
e. bronchial adenoma

Answer 10

b. small cell carcinoma

Question 11

The metastasis of lung squamous cell carcinoma is:

a. late
b. very early and widespread
c. early
d. early and widespread

Answer 11

a. late

Question 12

Which is true about tuberculosis

a. it is caused by an aerobic bacillus
b. it may affect other organs
c. it involves a type III hypersensitivity
d. antibodies to it may be detected with a skin test

Answer 12

a. it is caused by an aerobic bacillus

b. it may affect other organs

Question 13

Pulmonary emboli usually do which of the following?

a. obstruct blood supply to lung parenchyma
b. have origins from thrombi in the legs
c. occlude pulmonary vein branches
d. occlude pulmonary artery branches

Answer 13

a. obstruct blood supply to lung parenchyma
b. have origins from thrombi in the legs
d. occlude pulmonary artery branches

Question 14

Chronic bronchitis:

a. is caused by a lack of surfactant
b. impairs cilia
c. exhibits a non productive cough
d. causes collapsed alveoli

Answer 14

b. impairs cilia

Question 15

Emphysema is precipitated by:

a. histamine
b. TNF
c. leukotrienes
d. alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency

Answer 15

d. alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency

Question 16

Increased ventilatory rate, very large tidal volume, and no expiratory pause are characteristic of _____.

Answer 16

Kussmaul respiration

Question 17

Coughing up blood or bloody secretions is _______.

Answer 17

hemoptysis

Question 18

Decreased arterial oxygenation causes _______.

Answer 18

cynosis

Question 19

Apnea, inward ventilation, then apnea again characterize ___________.

Answer 19

Cheyne-Stokes respiration

Question 20

Alveolar collapse is observed in ________.

Answer 20

Pleural space atelectasis

Question 21

Abnormal deflation of bronchi is termed ______.

Answer 21

bronchiectasis

Question 22

Fibrous tissue or nodules in lungs is termed ______.

Answer 22

pneumoconiosis

Question 23

Fractured ribs or sternum cause ______.

Answer 23

flail chest

Question 24

Pleural space air is termed _______.

Answer 24

pneumothorax

Question 25

Streptococcus pneumoniae causes _______.

Answer 25

lobar pneumonia