Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology 212 > Chapter 32 > Flashcards

Chapter 32 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

___ and echinoderms share a common ancestor and are closely related

A

chordates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

___ and ___ are the two major phyla of living animals assigned to the deuterostomes

A

echinoderms and chordates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The largest chordate subphylum is

A

Vertebrata (fishes, amphibians, reptiles-which includes birds and mammals)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Deuterostomes

A

Blastopore becomes the anus

mouth develops from a second opening at the anterior end of the embryo

presence of pharyngeal slits at some time in the life cycle

true coelem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Echinoderms

A

Marine organisms that include sea stars, sea urchins, sand dollars, sea cucumbers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Echinoderms larvae are ___ symmetrical, ___, and ____

A

bilaterally symmetrical, ciliated, and free-swimming

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

echinoderm adults exhibit

A

pentaradial symmetry (from bilateral larvae)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Water vascular system in Echinoderms

A

functions in feeding, gas exchange, and as a hydrostatic skeleton for locomotion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The endoskeleton of echinoderms consists of ___ ___ plates (ossicles) and ___

A

calcium carbonate and spines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

some echinoderms have ___

A

modified spines (pedicellariae)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

echinoderms NS

A

Simple nervous system - no brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Five extant groups of echinoderms:

A
  1. Class Crinoidea
  2. Asteroidea
  3. Ophiuroidea
  4. Echinoidea
  5. Holothuroidea
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Class Asteroidea includes

A

sea stars and sea daisies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Asteroidea bodies

A

have central disc with 5 to 20 arms

under each arm are many pairs of tube feet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Asteroidea have ___ of calcareous plates

A

endoskeleton

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Sea stars prey on

A

the stationary/slow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

sea daisies absorb

A

bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Major characteristics of Chordates

A

Deuterostomes with bilateral symmetry, a tube-within-a-tube body plan, and three well-developed germ layers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

three subphyla of Chordates

A
  1. Urochordates (marine tunicates)
  2. Cephalochordates (marine lancelets)
  3. Vertebrates (animals with backbones)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Four characters of chordates

A
  1. Notochord during some time in their life
  2. hollow dorsal, tubular nerve cord during some time in their life
  3. A chordate larva or embryo has a muscular postanal tail
  4. All chordates have an endostyle or a thyroid gland evolved from the endostyle
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

hemichordates

A

releases mucus to capture food

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Chordates

A

binds iodine and produces hormones

23
Q

(Urochordates) Tunicates include

A

sea squirts and relatives

24
Q

Urochordates (tunicates) larval body

A

has a pharynx with slits and a long muscular tail with a notochord and a dorsal, tubular nerve cord

25
Q

The tunic has ___ and ___ siphons through which materials pass

A

Incurrent and excurrent

26
Q

(Urochordates) blood flow direction ___ every few beats

A

varies every few beats

27
Q

structural and molecular data suggest that cephalochordates are the sister group of ___

A

vertebrates; but genome sequencing may support urochordates as the sister group

28
Q

Pikaia

A

a lancelet-like fossil in the Burgess shale, had a primitive notochord

29
Q

Vertebrates

A

chordates with a backbone consisting of cartilaginous or bony vertebrae

30
Q

(vertebrates) Vertebrae projections enclose the ___

A

nerve chord

31
Q

The enlarged anterior end of the nerve cord (brain) is enclosed/protected by a

A

cranium

32
Q

pericardial cavity

A

containing the heart

33
Q

Pleuroperitoneal cavity

A

contains lungs and abdominal organs

34
Q

Lampreys (Petromyzontida)

A

Jawless cartilaginous fishes that lack paired fins and scales

35
Q

lampreys have ___ teeth

A

keratin

36
Q

Bony fishes are a part of class

A

Osteichthyes

37
Q

Bony fished have a

A

bony skeleton with many vertebrae

38
Q

___ and ___ fins supported by long rays of cartilage or bone

A

median and paired

39
Q

Bony fishes have overlaping, bony

A

dermal scales

40
Q

operculum (bony fishes)

A

a lateral bony flap which protects the gills

41
Q

Adaptations to land

A
  1. Lungs
  2. Strong vertebrae/muscles
  3. protective mechanisms against dessication
  4. Ears and smell adapted to airborne sounds/odors
  5. Reproduction on terrestrial land
42
Q

Amphibians include three orders

A

Urodela

Anura

Apoda

43
Q

urodela includes

A

visible tail

salamanders, mud puppies, and newts

44
Q

Anura

A

no tail

frogs and toads

45
Q

Apoda

A

no feet

wormlike caecilians

46
Q

Amphibian skin

A

must remain moist to exchange gases properly

47
Q

Many amphibians undergo

A

metamorphosis

48
Q

some salamanders do not undergo complete metamorphosis, retaining many larval/juvenile characteristics

A

paedomorphosis

49
Q

The amphibian heart has how many chambers?

A

three (two atria and one ventricle)

50
Q

Amniotes include

A

Reptiles, birds, and mammals

51
Q

amniotes are

A

terrestrial vertebrates with an amniotic egg

52
Q

Terrestrial adaptations of Reptiles

A
  1. Protective leathery egg shell
  2. hard scales
  3. lungs are divided into many chambers
  4. Efficient three-chambered heart separates oxygen-rich and oxygen-poor blood
  5. well-developed sense organs
  6. ectothermic
53
Q

ectothermic

A

body temperature changes with the surrounding environment

Biology 212 (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions