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Biology 212 > Chapter 26 > Flashcards

Chapter 26 Flashcards

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1
Q

Protists

A

An informal group of primarily aquatic eukaryotic organisms with diverse features

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2
Q

Protists are members of which domain?

A

Eukarya

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3
Q

Body plan of protists

A

Most are unicellular

some form colonies

some are coenocytic

some are multicellular

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4
Q

Most multicellular protists have relatively ___ body from w/out ___tissues

A

Most multicellular protists have relatively simple body forms without specialized tissues

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5
Q

Coenocytic

A

A multinucleate cell which can result from multiple nuclear divisions without their accompanying cytokinesis

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6
Q

Most protists are ___ at some point in their life cycle

A

Most protists are motile at some point in their life cycle

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7
Q

Protists can move by

A

pseudopodia, cilia or flagella

some protists have two or more means of locomotion

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8
Q

Most algae are ___ photosynthesizers

A

autotrophic photosynthesizers

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9
Q

Heterotrophs can obtain nutrients by

A

absorption or ingestion

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10
Q

Most protists reproduce ___ many also reproduce ___

A

Most protists reproduce asexually - many also reproduce sexually

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11
Q

Mitochondria and chloroplasts probably originated from

A

endosymbionts

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12
Q

Diversity in ultrastructure and molecular data suggests protists are ___

A

Paraphyletic

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13
Q

Five informal sub groups of protists

A
  1. Excavates
  2. Chromalveolates
  3. rhizarians
  4. archaeplastids
  5. unikonts
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14
Q

Excavates

A

Group of unicellular protists with flagella and a deep (excavated) oral groove

Many are endosymbionts and live in anoxic environments

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15
Q

Excavates include

A
  1. diplomonads
  2. parabasalids
  3. euglenoids
  4. trypanosomes
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16
Q

Diplomonads

A

One or two nuclei, no functional mitochondria, no golgi comples and up to eight flagella

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17
Q

Giardia

A

A parasitic diplomonad

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18
Q

Parabasilids

A

Anaerobic, flagellated excavates that live in animals

19
Q

Trichonymphs and trichomonads

A

Exampls of parabasalids

20
Q

Euglenoids

A

Most are unicellular flagellates

Some are photosynthetic

some heterotrophic species absorb organic compounds by phagocytosis and digest prey in food vacuoles

21
Q

Trupanosomes

A

Excavate with a single mitochondrion that has an organized deposit of DNA (Kinetoplastid)

Many are parasitic and cause disease, often live in blood

22
Q

Trpanosoma brucei

A

Trypanosomes parasite that causes African sleeping sicknedd

23
Q

Chromalveolates

A

Most are photosynthetic

Probably originated by secondary endosymbiosis in which an ancestral cell engulfed a red alga

24
Q

Tpes of chromalveolates

A

Alveolates and stramenopiles

25
Q

types of Alveolates

A

Dinoflagellates, apicomplexans and ciliates

26
Q

Alveolates

A

Have similare ribosomal DNA sequences and flattened vesicles inside plasma membrane

27
Q

Stramenopiles

A

Water molds, diatoms, golden algae and brown algae

Have motile cells with two flagella, one hairlike

28
Q

Dinoflagellates

A

Marine plankton that are generally unicellular; a few are colonial

29
Q

Ciliates

A

Complex unicellular alveolates with a pellicle that gives them a definite but changeable shape

Two kinds of nuclei:

  1. Diploid micronuclei=reproduction
  2. Polyploid macronucleus=growth
30
Q

Water molds

A

Stramenophiles once classified as fungi

31
Q

Brown algae

A

Largest and most complex of all seaweeds; size range from a few centimeters to 75 meters

32
Q

Rhizarians

A

A monophyletic but diverse group of amoeboid cells

Often have outer shells called tests

33
Q

Types of rhicarians

A

Forams, actinopods, and certain shell-less amoebas

34
Q

Foraminiferans

A

mostly marine rhizarians that produce chalky, many chanmbered tests

35
Q

Actinopods

A

Mostly marine plankton rhizarians with axopods that protrude through pores in shells

36
Q

Archaeplastids

A

Similar chloroplasts, suggesting that they developed directly from a cyanobacterial endosymbiont

37
Q

Types of Archaeplastids

A
  1. Red algae
  2. Green algae
  3. Land plants
38
Q

Red algae

A

Mostly tropical marine organisms, attaching to rocks or other substrates

39
Q

Green algae

A

Mostly aquatic that share many same characteristics as land plants

Many are symbionts; endosymbionts, lichens

40
Q

Unikonts

A

Single posterior flagellum in flagellate cells, such as sperm and motile spores

Separated from all other eukaryotes (bikonts) by evolution of triple-gene fusion

41
Q

Amoebozoa

A

Unikonts that produce temporary, lobose cytoplasmic projections ar some point in their life cycle

42
Q

Amoebas

A

unicellular, found in soil, water and other organisms

Asexually reproduce by splitting into two equal parts

43
Q

Plasmodial slime molds

A

Feed as multinucleate plasmodia

plasmodium creep over damp, decaying debris, ingesting bacteria, yeasts, spores, and organic matter

44
Q

Choanoflagellates

A

Single flagellum surrounded with a collar of microvilli that trap food

Closest living nonanimal relative of animals

Biology 212 (14 decks)

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