Chapter 36

Question 1

Taproot system

Answer 1

Consists of one main root formed from the seedling’s embryonic root with many lateral roots branching out

Question 2

Taproot systems are characteristic of

Answer 2

Eudicots and gymnosperms

Question 3

Fibrous root system

Answer 3

Consists of many roots of similar size, with lateral roots branching off these roots

Main roots arise from the stem

Question 4

Fibrous root systems are characteristic of

Answer 4

monocots

Question 5

Root caps are covered by

Answer 5

a delicate root apical meristem

Question 6

root cap cells

Answer 6

1. secrete lubricating polysaccharides to reduce friction

2. Help orient the root so that it grows (gravitropism)

Question 7

Root hairs

Answer 7

Short-lived tubular extensions of epidermal cells located just behind the growing root tip

Absorptive capacity increased by surface area

Question 8

Herbaceous Eudicot Roots

Answer 8

A single layer of protective epidermis covers roots

Question 9

most water that enters the ___ root moves along cell walls made of cellulose

Answer 9

most water that enters the eudicot root moves along cell walls made of cellulose

Question 10

herbaceous eudicot roots cortex composes most of the

Answer 10

root

Question 11

stele

Answer 11

“core” of the root which contains the vascular tissues

at the center of a eudicot primary root

Question 12

the primary function of root cortex is

Answer 12

starch storage

Question 13

symplast pathway

Answer 13

consists of living cells interconnected by plasmodesmata

Question 14

apoplast pathway

Answer 14

uses cell walls and intercellular spaces

Question 15

Symplast pathway uses ___ to pass from cell to cell

Answer 15

plasmodesmata

Question 16

Endodermis

Answer 16

the inner boundary of the cortex

Question 17

the endodermis is impervious to

Answer 17

water

Question 18

The endodermis is impervious to water because of

Answer 18

suberin deposited in its cell walls in a band called the casparian strip

Question 19

To enter the stele apoplastic water must enter the ____ of the endodermal cells

Answer 19

To enter the stele apoplastic water must enter the symplasm of the endodermal cells

Question 20

The ___ regulates movement of water and minerals that enter the xylem

Answer 20

endodermis

Question 21

each endodermal cells has a ___ ___ on its radial and transverse walls that contains a waterproof material

Answer 21

casparian strip

Question 22

Casparian strips prevent water and minerals from continuing to move ___ along the cell walls

Answer 22

passively

Question 23

pericycle

Answer 23

inside the endodermis; consists of a single layer of parenchyma cells that give rise to lateral meristems/roots

Question 24

xylem herbaceous eudicot roots

Answer 24

centermost tissue of the stele

often has two or more extensions

water and dissolved minerals are conducted in tracheids and vessel elements

Question 25

phloem herbaceous eudicot roots

Answer 25

patches between the xylem arms

sieve tube elements conduct dissolved sucrose

Question 26

vascular cambium

Answer 26

sandwiched between xylem and phloem

Question 27

monocot roots

Answer 27

phloem and xylem are in separate, alternating bundles arranged around the central pith of parenchyma cells

no vascular cambium exists in monocot roots

Question 28

fungus that is on roots

Answer 28

mycorrhizae

Question 29

compounds from___ pass from roots to the fungus

Answer 29

photosynthesis

Question 30

___ ___ move from the fungus to roots of the host plant

Answer 30

essential minerals

Question 31

carbon compounds may flow from one plant to another through ___

Answer 31

mycorrhizae