Chapter 31: Global Recovery and Division Between Superpowers Flashcards
Margaret Thatcher
pg. 946-947, 961, 965
6 Answers
- c. 1979-1990 CE-time in office
- Great Britain
- Conservative British Prime Minister
- She slowed government spending and privatized industry by selling off state-owned companies to private investors.
- Her government encouraged low and moderate income renters to buy apartments at low prices.
- Over time this caused the British Socialist party to decline.
Unusual Influence of a newly rising youth on society known as “The Baby Boomers”.
pg.959
(Classes and social roles in the cold war)
- When: 1960s–postwar
- Where: USA
- Who: Rise of influentcial artists introducing scandalous music such as Elvis and The Beatles that shared messages of sexual and personal freedom to the growing population of youth.
- What: The large increase of population, specifically made up of young teenagers who were born during the war and were raised in a culturally developing and changing society. “The Baby Boom”.
- Why: The baby boom was primarily caused by the end of the great depression and the violent wars, giving families a comforting hope that raising a family in the US was now safe and doable.
- How: Women before and during the early stages of the war were getting married in their mid twenties and postponing the start of their family due to the economic struggle, but as soon as their husbands were back from the war they did not hesitate to start large families. The culture in society was also developing into one of large families and extensive amounts of children, therefore encouraging young women to start the process towards a large family.
Common Market
(Economic Problems In Europe)
Pg. 944
1) 1957
2) France, West Germany, Italy, Belgium, Netherlands, and Luxembourg
3) French Minister Robert Schumann
4) Schumann proposed the Common Market system
5) Goal was to reduce government tariffs and unify countries under one market in order to control the coal and iron industries.
6) Due to Gaulle, France restrained the influence of the common market to a union of sovereign states.
Japan Inc.
pg. 963
5 answers
- when: developed in the 1980’s
- where: Described Japan, given by America and Europe
- what: A nickname given to Japan because of it’s intricate relationship between government and business (ex. government decided which industries were important and should be focused on), Westerners were bitter at this advantage and called for their governments to take action.
- why: -Japan was culturally homogeneous, saw the group needs as more important as the individual
- national consensus in Japan to improve economy in 1952
- big business was respected in Japan
- less state economy relations in the West - How: - CC: contrast to laissez faire (“hands off”) in classic liberalism, the belief that government should not influence the economy
- COT: continuity as Japan’s government in Meiji period, Tokugawa Shogunate, and Fujiwara rule all had substantial control over the economy
Nikita Kruschev
pg. 950
5 answers
- 1894-1971
- Russia and Communist Eastern Europe
- A reformer after the death of Stalin in 1953 began the proccess of de-Stalinization.
- De-Stalinization was the liberalization of the Soviet Union, resulting in a shift of resources from the military to agriculture and consumer goods, a rise in the the low standard of living (1960’s), and the relaxation in the tension of the cold war (1955-1957).
- The death of Stalin caused a split in the Communist Party leadership between conservatives who wanted few changes in Stalin’s Communist Policies, and liberal reformers who wanted major changes.
Martin Luther King Jr.
pg. 958
6 Answers
1) When: c. 1929 - 1968 CE (Life)
2) Where: United States of America
3) Who: NAACP(National Association for the Advancement of Colored People), African American citizens
4) What: Created peaceful resistance against the biased African American laws, caused the Civil Rights Act of 1964 to occur, and caused the Voting Rights Act of 1965 to occur.
5) Why: Weakened the gap between African American citizens and White citizens in America without aggression, created suffrage for African Americans, and created hope for the black society
6) How: Changed American society to one of greater equality between Blacks and Whites
Korean War
(in relation to: American Actions to Battle Communism)
pg. 940-941, 963
- When: 1950-1953
- Where: North and South Korea, Chinese borders of Korea, and Japan (as an American military base)
- Who:
a. U.S. President Truman, General MacArthur (U.S.)
b. North Korean, Chinese, and Russian communists
c. South Korean and American anti-communists - Why:
a. In 1948, Korea was divided into communist North Korea and anti-communist South Korea.
b. Communists in China, Russia, and North Korea posed a worldwide communist conspiracy & threat to the Americans who sided with South Korea. - How:
a. North Koreans backed by communist Russians and Chinese fought South Koreans & Americans; pushing each other back and forth from north and south for 3 years.
b. This seesaw effect of the war finally produced a truce in 1953. - What: Bitter and bloody fighting between communists and anti-communists and American attempts to contain communism to Asia.
OPEC
pg. 946,949
(8 Answers)
1) 1960 - present
2) a. Founded at the Baghdad Conference in 1960 by Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia and Venezuela.
b. Headquartered in Vienna since 1965.
3) a. Composed of Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia and Venezuela, Qatar, Libya, United Arab Emirates, Algeria, Nigeria, and Angola
4) a. Arab-led Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries unified to regulate worldwide petroleum exportation prices.
b. Quadrupled oil prices during 1973 were a result of oil embargoes imposed during the Arab-Israeli war of 1973.
5) a. The creation of the OPEC was representative of Arabian efforts to claim permanent sovereignty over their natural resources in the interest of national development within Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, and Venezuela.
b. Oil profits led to the militarization of Iran and Iraq and prolonged the war between Iraq and Iran during the 1980s.
Containment/Domino Effect (p. 940) [5]
When: Late 2oth century CE
Where: Eastern Europe, Soviet zone of Germany to Berlin, and the United States.
Who: US President Harry S. Truman (1884 - 1972), US Secretary of State George C. Marshall (1880-1959), and Joseph Stalin (1879- 1953)
What: US attempts to contain the further spread of communism to the areas already retained the Red Army. Efforts began with the US cutting off all aid to Russia then with the Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan that eventually led to US planes flying over Soviet roadblocks to supply provisions in West Berlin after Stalin shut down highways in this region. USSR backed down and the US established an anti-soviet military alliance with its western allies later known as the NATO alliance. These valiant efforts of the US to free the subjugated peoples under communist dictators only resulted in an unremitting period of violence and hostility between the United States and Russia.
Why: Truman refused to recognize a government that was established by force and against the free will of its people.
CC: Similar to the Ottoman clincher movement with the French to enclose the Hapsburg Empire to prevent their further expansion.
Solidarity
Pg. 953
(6)
1980-1989 C.E.
Poland
Leader was Catholic electrician Lech Walesa, group was made of Polish workers.
Workers formed an independent trade union in a communist controlled country.
To try to save their economy, which had been weakened by the communist’s flimsy rule.
When the new pope was elected–as he was from Poland–the citizens became rejuvenated in their objection to communist rule both economically and spiritually.
Marshall Plan (940-941, 944) (5)
- Created in 1947
- Affected Europe’s economy
- Created by Secretary of State George C. Marshall
- It was a plan that offered Europe economic aid in order to help it rebuild itself
- Stalin refused the Marshall Plan for all of Eastern Europe
Truman Doctrine
Pg.940
(6)
- 1947 c.e.
- Europe
- President Harry Truman (USA), maker of the doctrine. Affected Stalin´s effort to spread communism throughout Iran, Turkey, and Greece.
- Truman Doctrine was a US plan to contain communism to areas already occupied by the Red Army.
4b. Truman declared that the US had the right to support free people who were resisting attempted subjugation by outside forces with military aid. - American belief that Stalin was determined to export communism throughout the world caused the creation of the doctrine.
