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2013-2014 AP World > Chapter 25: Asia In The Era Of Imperialism > Flashcards

Chapter 25: Asia In The Era Of Imperialism Flashcards

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1
Q

Dutch Culture System

3

A
  1. 19th CE, Indonesia
  2. Resulted from Indonesian resistance in Java War (mid 19th).
  3. Natives forced to plant 1/5th of land in cash crops for taxes.
  4. Aided the Dutch commercially, but was harsh and repressive on natives and did not help them build a strong, modern econ.
  5. CC: Similar to Spanish Quinto System, where 1/5th of crops were collected as taxes because both are used by Imperalist nations to get desired goods from natives.
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2
Q

Westerners in Asia in the 19th Century

A
  1. 19th CE, Asia
  2. British businessmen, civil service personnel, and missionaries lived in India separately from the natives.
  3. In China, missionaries and doctors lived mixed with the population.
  4. Missionaries spread Western ideals of science, math, law, and history and did not gain many converts.
  5. CC: Similar to Western people in other colonies, like Africa. Different in that more natives found interest in Western ideas but those ideas also were met with violence.
  6. COT: Continuity b/c opposition to Westerners still existed in Asia as it had before when missionaries traveled to Japan and China in the early 17th century, where the practice of Christianity were banned and the borders closed.
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3
Q

Westerners in Asia in the 19th Century

A
  1. 19th CE, Asia
  2. British businessmen, civil service personnel, and missionaries lived in India separately from the natives.
  3. In China, missionaries and doctors lived mixed with the population.
  4. Missionaries spread Western ideals of science, math, law, and history and did not gain many converts.
  5. CC: Similar to Western people in other colonies, like Africa. Different in that more natives found interest in Western ideas but those ideas also were met with violence.
  6. COT: Continuity b/c opposition to Westerners still existed in Asia as it had before when missionaries traveled to Japan and China in the early 17th century, where the practice of Christianity were banned and the borders closed.
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4
Q

Westerners in Asia in the 19th Century

A
  1. 19th CE, Asia
  2. British businessmen, civil service personnel, and missionaries lived in India separately from the natives.
  3. In China, missionaries and doctors lived mixed with the population.
  4. Missionaries spread Western ideals of science, math, law, and history and did not gain many converts.
  5. CC: Similar to Western people in other colonies, like Africa. Different in that more natives found interest in Western ideas but those ideas also were met with violence.
  6. COT: Continuity b/c opposition to Westerners still existed in Asia as it had before when missionaries traveled to Japan and China in the early 17th century, where the practice of Christianity were banned and the borders closed.
How well did you know this?
1
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5
Q

Westerners in Asia in the 19th Century

A
  1. 19th CE, Asia
  2. British businessmen, civil service personnel, and missionaries lived in India separately from the natives.
  3. In China, missionaries and doctors lived mixed with the population.
  4. Missionaries spread Western ideals of science, math, law, and history and did not gain many converts.
  5. CC: Similar to Western people in other colonies, like Africa. Different in that more natives found interest in Western ideas but those ideas also were met with violence.
  6. COT: Continuity b/c opposition to Westerners still existed in Asia as it had before when missionaries traveled to Japan and China in the early 17th century, where the practice of Christianity were banned and the borders closed.
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6
Q

Great Mutiny/Great Revolt

4

A
  1. Mid 19th CE, India.
  2. A revolt of sepoys (Indian troops trained by the British) near Delhi against the British.
  3. Revolted because of grievances (grudges) regarding high taxes on low-caste soldiers.
  4. Resulted in tighter British rule and less cultural intermixing.
  5. CC: Similar to the native Boxer Rebellion in China, the Boer War in South Africa, and Cinco de Mayo in Mexico
  6. COT: India continued to remain a colony w/little autonomy(self-governing) after the Great Mutiny and became more oppressed by the British gov’t
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7
Q

Indian Civil Service

4

A
  1. Late 19-20th CE, India.
  2. Offered entry into a Bureaucracy that administered India under British rule.
  3. Indians were eligible.
  4. Demonstrated British attitude of racial superiority.
  5. CC: Similar to Confucian scholar exams in China.
  6. COT: Continued the “White Man’s Burden” goal to civilize inferior people, started by Rudyard Kipling.
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8
Q

Indian National Congress

4

A
  1. Late 19th, India.
  2. Indian political association made to increase Indian autonomy (self-governing).
  3. Supported: Indian equality,more spending to fight poverty.
  4. Most members were upper-caste and Western-educated.
  5. CC: Different from Indian Civil Service, which was British-led and administered.
  6. COT: Continuity b/c the Indian National Congress represented the continued opposition to imperial rule that the Great Revolt (also known as the Great Mutiny) had stirred up.
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9
Q

Meiji Restoration

7

A
  1. Late 19th-20th CE, Japan.
  2. Japan was forced out of isolation and to open ports by U.S. (Commodore Perry).
  3. Meiji Oligarchs restored control to Japanese emperor.
  4. Massive Westernization was put into effect:
    A. All citizens were declared equal, Samurai were stripped of special privileges.
    B. Government-supported industrialization built factories, railroads.
    C. West-style military reforms (Conscription and tactics)
    D. Social reform (Improved healthcare and education system)
  5. Japan took Taiwan an Korea as colonies.
  6. CC: Economically similar to western Industrial Revolution in Europe and the U.S.
  7. COT: Change from Japan’s previous decentralized, warring, agricultural isolation.
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10
Q

Opium War

5

A
  1. Mid 19th CE, China
  2. War between China and Britain to allow British Opium smugglers in China.
  3. British wanted access to Chinese markets and goods (tea) but Chinese didn’t want European goods, so opium was used because it was addictive.
  4. British navy forced Chinese cooperation.
  5. Resulted in Treaty of Nanking: opened 5 ports to trade, fixed 5% tariff, China paid war indemnity (cost of war), China ceded Hong Kong, and gave British extraterritoriality (British subjects held accountable to their own laws, not Chinese ones).
  6. CC: Simliar to U.S. Comadore Perry opening Japan the Capitulations of the Ottoman Emipire which allowed trade with relatively few restrictions.
  7. COT: Changed China’s long-standing policy of economic isolation through forcefully opening it to trade and European influence; the Opium War can also be seen as a continuity b/c the Chinese still attempted to resist European interaction and influence
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11
Q

Boxer Rebellion

6

A
  1. Late 19th CE, China.
  2. Boxers were a Chinese secret society.
  3. Blamed Chinese problems on foreigners.
  4. Had imperial support for killing missionaries and Christians.
  5. When Boxers were defeated, China was forced to pay indemnities for foreign involvement.
  6. Resulted in loss of interest in gradual modernizing reform.
  7. CC: Similar to Boer War in S. Africa where natives who opposed imperalism fought the foreign British and Dutch to retain thier independence.
  8. COT: Continuity b/c the Boxer Rebellion stayed to true to the anti-Western and anti-Christian ideals of the Opium War and the exile of the Christian missionaries (early 17th century)
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12
Q

Taiping Rebellion

A
  1. 19th CE, China.
  2. Led by Hong Xiuquan, who believed he was Jesus’s brother.
  3. Demonstrated Manchu (Qing) weakness as they turned to Chinese Scholar-Officials for troops.
  4. Rebels formed egalitarian utopia at Nanjing.
  5. Forced Qing rulers to institute reforms known as the Self-Strengthening Movement.
  6. CC: Similar to later native Chinese rebellion, the Boxer Rebellion or the Seapoy Mutiny in India.
  7. COT: Change b/c Western ideals became popular that had previously been exiled in the early 16th century
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13
Q

The Philippines and Imperialism

A
  1. 19th-20th, SE Asia
  2. Originally held by Spain, and colonized through encomienda system (Good Spaniards could receive right to control affairs and collect local taxes)
  3. Had large Chinese community, and Manila was important economically as a port.
  4. Late 19th, Filipinos wanted more reform due to education.
  5. US sunk Spanish Fleet and took control by force, instituting a softer but still noticeable colonial rule with some elections.
  6. CC: Similar to other colonies, like India, wanting reform after receiving Western education.
    7 COT: Continuity b/c even though the country that ruled the Philippines had changed, the Philippines were still under foreign rule and imperialism
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14
Q

Britain & British East India Company’s Impact on Colonial India.
(5)

A
  1. 17th-20th, India.
  2. Indian communication to West improved by steamships, telegraph, and Suez Canal.
  3. Improved quality of life:
    A. Slavery outlawed.
    B. Disarmed local armies.
    C. Women’s rights improved (abolished the practice of sati, legal protection of widow remarriage)
    D. Banned infanticide
  4. Resistance arose:
    A. Great Revolt/Mutiny, where Indian troops revolted around Delhi
    B. Indian National Congress fought for native rights
    C. Gandhi.
  5. Agriculture increased, Industry (especially cotton textiles) was reduced
  6. CC: Similar to Dutch East Indian Trading Company who controlled trade in SE Asian trade in the 17th century.
  7. COT: Change in that Britain introduced imperialism to India and in that Britain modernized India (technology, mass production, etc.)
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15
Q

French Indochina

A
  1. 19th-20th, SE Asia
  2. Vietnam’s Confucian King Minh Mang in Nguyen Dynasty killed Catholic missionaries, angering the French
  3. French navy seized most of Vietnam, later Laos and Cambodia, local rulers left standing as puppet governments.
  4. Xenophobic Confucian patriots resisted and followed Japanese example of modernization and freedom.
  5. CC: Contrast with all other European powers who weren’t setting up colonies at that time.
  6. COT: Change in that control passed from Vietnamese King to French Government.
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16
Q

Encomienda System

A
  1. 18th-19th, Latin America and Philippines
  2. Used to encourage Spaniards to colonize
  3. Crown-serving Spaniards got grants to control public affairs and collect taxes in colonies.
  4. CC: Different from most other systems of colonization becasue the Spanish government engouraged colonists unlike the Portuguese who did not establich civilian colonies.
  5. COT: Continued in use for most of Spanish colonization and in most colonies.
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17
Q

Queen Victoria

4

A
  1. 18th CE, Britain
  2. Ruled over India as the Empress of India.
  3. Symbolized British Imperialism to India and the world.
  4. CC: Smiliar to Empress Dowager Cixi of China who was an imperialst women ruler in the time or to any other imperalist rulers in the time period.
  5. COT: Change from distant rule to more involved rule of India.
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18
Q

Java War

4

A
  1. 19th CE, SE Asia
  2. As Dutch government took over from Dutch East India Company, it tried to form a bureaucracy.
  3. Javanese resistance led to Java War.
  4. Resulted in harsh treatment of natives by way of Culture System.
  5. CC: Similar to wars of colonization, such as the wars in Latin America (Aztecs/Incas vs. Spain), or Boer War (British vs. S. Africans)
  6. COT: Change in that Dutch rule of Java became harsher over time.
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19
Q

China’s Problems of the 19th Century

4

A
  1. 19th CE, China
  2. Land crowding, conflicts over resources, shortage of marriageable women.
  3. Taiping Rebellion, Boxer Rebellion, Opuim War (mid 19th)
  4. Religious cults, such as the followers of Xiuquan, caused disorder and mass rebellion, including the Taiping Rebellion
  5. CC: Compared to India who experinced all of the same problems but India’s problems were over imperalist actions by Brtian.
  6. COT: Change b/c China was stable under the early Qing rulers and reached instability by the late 19th century
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20
Q

1911 Revolution

A
  1. 20th CE, China
  2. Western-educated revolutionaries, like Sun Yatsen, attempted to convince Army officials to help.
  3. Resulted in provincial governments seceded.
  4. The emperor abdicated, and ended China’s monarchy.
  5. CC: Similar to other revolutions, like Russia’s Bolshevik Revolution
  6. COT: Change from China’s previous monarchy to a republic.
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21
Q

Westerners in Asia in the 19th Century

A
  1. 19th CE, Asia
  2. British businessmen, civil service personnel, and missionaries lived in India separately from the natives.
  3. In China, missionaries and doctors lived mixed with the population.
  4. Missionaries spread Western ideals of science, math, law, and history and did not gain many converts.
  5. CC: Similar to Western people in other colonies, like Africa. Different in that more natives found interest in Western ideas but those ideas also were met with violence.
  6. COT: Continuity b/c opposition to Westerners still existed in Asia as it had before when missionaries traveled to Japan and China in the early 17th century, where the practice of Christianity were banned and the borders closed.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
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22
Q

Russo-Japanese War

A
  1. 20th CE, E. Asia
  2. Resulted from Japan helping to suppress Chinese Boxer Rebellion, along with West.
  3. Japan competed with Russia for land and influence in Manchuria (NE China).
  4. Japan won Russia’s previous holding of Port Arthur in Manchuria.
  5. CC: Similar to other E Asian wars for land, like the Sino-Japanese War.
  6. COT: Change in that Japan bested a Western country militarily, demonstrating modernization.
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23
Q

José Rizal

A
  1. 19th CE, Southeast Asia (the Philippines)
  2. Learned Western ideas while in Europe, and became involved with Filipino Revolutionaries
  3. Reformed and went back to Manila, where a false connection with a nationalist rebellion was drawn.
  4. Rizal was put to death.
  5. Represented harsh rule of Spanish in Philippines.
  6. Advocated making the Philippines a province of Spain, giving it representation in the Spanish parliament, replacing Spanish friars with Filipino friars, and making the Filipinos and Spanish equal before the law
  7. CC: Similar to Yatsen in China (late 19th) b/c both desired for equality and independence from the European imperialists, different from treatment of natives in British India.
  8. COT: Continuity b/c Rizal represented that Spanish imperialism was still oppressive
24
Q

Opening of Japan

A
  1. 19th CE, Japan
  2. U.S. Commodore Perry, in Tokyo, demanded Japan open their closed ports by using Gunboat Diplomacy.
  3. After seeing results of China’s refusal, Japan signed a treaty opening 2 ports.
  4. Japan shogun, over daimyos, over samurai, over peasants and merchants.
  5. Samurai reacted with anti-foreign terrorism because special privileges were taken away, which was quickly crushed.
  6. CC: Similar to opening of China in that it was forced, different in that it was peaceful.
  7. COT: Change b/c Japan had practiced isolationism since the early 17th century
25
Q

Siam

5

A
  1. 18-20th, SE Asia
  2. Only SE Asian country to retain independence from Western Imperialism due King Chulalongkorn’s dimplomacy and self modernazation of the Siamese monarchy.
  3. Between British Burma and French Indochina.
  4. King Chulalongkorn played British and French against each other to escape assimilation.
  5. Modernized and centralized successfully.
  6. CC: Different from all other SE Asian countries, as it stayed independent and modernized.
  7. COT: Continued in independence from all Western powers.
    BONUS: CC COT: Continued in staying independent under Chulalongkorn while rest of SE Asia changed in being Colonized by West (French Indochina, British Burma)
26
Q

Encomienda System

A
  1. 18th-19th, Latin America and Philippines
  2. Used to encourage Spaniards to colonize
  3. Crown-serving Spaniards got grants to control public affairs and collect taxes in colonies.
  4. CC: Different from most other systems of colonization becasue the Spanish government engouraged colonists unlike the Portuguese who did not establich civilian colonies.
  5. COT: Continued in use for most of Spanish colonization and in most colonies.
27
Q

Queen Victoria

4

A
  1. 18th CE, Britain
  2. Ruled over India as the Empress of India.
  3. Symbolized British Imperialism to India and the world.
  4. CC: Smiliar to Empress Dowager Cixi of China who was an imperialst women ruler in the time or to any other imperalist rulers in the time period.
  5. COT: Change from distant rule to more involved rule of India.
28
Q

Java War

4

A
  1. 19th CE, SE Asia
  2. As Dutch government took over from Dutch East India Company, it tried to form a bureaucracy.
  3. Javanese resistance led to Java War.
  4. Resulted in harsh treatment of natives by way of Culture System.
  5. CC: Similar to wars of colonization, such as the wars in Latin America (Aztecs/Incas vs. Spain), or Boer War (British vs. S. Africans)
  6. COT: Change in that Dutch rule of Java became harsher over time.
29
Q

China’s Problems of the 19th Century

4

A
  1. 19th CE, China
  2. Land crowding, conflicts over resources, shortage of marriageable women.
  3. Taiping Rebellion, Boxer Rebellion, Opuim War (mid 19th)
  4. Religious cults, such as the followers of Xiuquan, caused disorder and mass rebellion, including the Taiping Rebellion
  5. CC: Compared to India who experinced all of the same problems but India’s problems were over imperalist actions by Brtian.
  6. COT: Change b/c China was stable under the early Qing rulers and reached instability by the late 19th century
30
Q

1911 Revolution

A
  1. 20th CE, China
  2. Western-educated revolutionaries, like Sun Yatsen, attempted to convince Army officials to help.
  3. Resulted in provincial governments seceded.
  4. The emperor abdicated, and ended China’s monarchy.
  5. CC: Similar to other revolutions, like Russia’s Bolshevik Revolution
  6. COT: Change from China’s previous monarchy to a republic.
31
Q

Westerners in Asia in the 19th Century

A
  1. 19th CE, Asia
  2. British businessmen, civil service personnel, and missionaries lived in India separately from the natives.
  3. In China, missionaries and doctors lived mixed with the population.
  4. Missionaries spread Western ideals of science, math, law, and history and did not gain many converts.
  5. CC: Similar to Western people in other colonies, like Africa. Different in that more natives found interest in Western ideas but those ideas also were met with violence.
  6. COT: Continuity b/c opposition to Westerners still existed in Asia as it had before when missionaries traveled to Japan and China in the early 17th century, where the practice of Christianity were banned and the borders closed.
32
Q

Russo-Japanese War

A
  1. 20th CE, E. Asia
  2. Resulted from Japan helping to suppress Chinese Boxer Rebellion, along with West.
  3. Japan competed with Russia for land and influence in Manchuria (NE China).
  4. Japan won Russia’s previous holding of Port Arthur in Manchuria.
  5. CC: Similar to other E Asian wars for land, like the Sino-Japanese War.
  6. COT: Change in that Japan bested a Western country militarily, demonstrating modernization.
33
Q

José Rizal

A
  1. 19th CE, Southeast Asia (the Philippines)
  2. Learned Western ideas while in Europe, and became involved with Filipino Revolutionaries
  3. Reformed and went back to Manila, where a false connection with a nationalist rebellion was drawn.
  4. Rizal was put to death.
  5. Represented harsh rule of Spanish in Philippines.
  6. Advocated making the Philippines a province of Spain, giving it representation in the Spanish parliament, replacing Spanish friars with Filipino friars, and making the Filipinos and Spanish equal before the law
  7. CC: Similar to Yatsen in China (late 19th) b/c both desired for equality and independence from the European imperialists, different from treatment of natives in British India.
  8. COT: Continuity b/c Rizal represented that Spanish imperialism was still oppressive
34
Q

Opening of Japan

A
  1. 19th CE, Japan
  2. U.S. Commodore Perry, in Tokyo, demanded Japan open their closed ports by using Gunboat Diplomacy.
  3. After seeing results of China’s refusal, Japan signed a treaty opening 2 ports.
  4. Japan shogun, over daimyos, over samurai, over peasants and merchants.
  5. Samurai reacted with anti-foreign terrorism because special privileges were taken away, which was quickly crushed.
  6. CC: Similar to opening of China in that it was forced, different in that it was peaceful.
  7. COT: Change b/c Japan had practiced isolationism since the early 17th century
35
Q

Self-Strengthening Movement

A
  1. 19th CE, China
  2. Launched by Qing reformers who saw Western threat.
  3. Military modernized: Envoys, Arsenals, Dockyards
  4. Attempted to modernize economy with industry, rail lines, steam power, and telegraph.
  5. Conservatives (like Woren) resisted.
  6. Knowledge of outside world and West increased.
  7. China was defeated in Sino-Japanese War.
  8. CC: Similar to Western Industrial Revolution, different because it failed and the modernization was spurred by the Chinesse milirarty’s need to modernize unlike the European industrialism which was started by aspiring entrepreneurs.
  9. COT: Change b/c the Chinese gov’t became more willing to adopt Western ideals
36
Q

Encomienda System

A
  1. 18th-19th, Latin America and Philippines
  2. Used to encourage Spaniards to colonize
  3. Crown-serving Spaniards got grants to control public affairs and collect taxes in colonies.
  4. CC: Different from most other systems of colonization becasue the Spanish government engouraged colonists unlike the Portuguese who did not establich civilian colonies.
  5. COT: Continued in use for most of Spanish colonization and in most colonies.
37
Q

Queen Victoria

4

A
  1. 18th CE, Britain
  2. Ruled over India as the Empress of India.
  3. Symbolized British Imperialism to India and the world.
  4. CC: Smiliar to Empress Dowager Cixi of China who was an imperialst women ruler in the time or to any other imperalist rulers in the time period.
  5. COT: Change from distant rule to more involved rule of India.
38
Q

Java War

4

A
  1. 19th CE, SE Asia
  2. As Dutch government took over from Dutch East India Company, it tried to form a bureaucracy.
  3. Javanese resistance led to Java War.
  4. Resulted in harsh treatment of natives by way of Culture System.
  5. CC: Similar to wars of colonization, such as the wars in Latin America (Aztecs/Incas vs. Spain), or Boer War (British vs. S. Africans)
  6. COT: Change in that Dutch rule of Java became harsher over time.
39
Q

China’s Problems of the 19th Century

4

A
  1. 19th CE, China
  2. Land crowding, conflicts over resources, shortage of marriageable women.
  3. Taiping Rebellion, Boxer Rebellion, Opuim War (mid 19th)
  4. Religious cults, such as the followers of Xiuquan, caused disorder and mass rebellion, including the Taiping Rebellion
  5. CC: Compared to India who experinced all of the same problems but India’s problems were over imperalist actions by Brtian.
  6. COT: Change b/c China was stable under the early Qing rulers and reached instability by the late 19th century
40
Q

1911 Revolution

A
  1. 20th CE, China
  2. Western-educated revolutionaries, like Sun Yatsen, attempted to convince Army officials to help.
  3. Resulted in provincial governments seceded.
  4. The emperor abdicated, and ended China’s monarchy.
  5. CC: Similar to other revolutions, like Russia’s Bolshevik Revolution
  6. COT: Change from China’s previous monarchy to a republic.
41
Q

Westerners in Asia in the 19th Century

A
  1. 19th CE, Asia
  2. British businessmen, civil service personnel, and missionaries lived in India separately from the natives.
  3. In China, missionaries and doctors lived mixed with the population.
  4. Missionaries spread Western ideals of science, math, law, and history and did not gain many converts.
  5. CC: Similar to Western people in other colonies, like Africa. Different in that more natives found interest in Western ideas but those ideas also were met with violence.
  6. COT: Continuity b/c opposition to Westerners still existed in Asia as it had before when missionaries traveled to Japan and China in the early 17th century, where the practice of Christianity were banned and the borders closed.
42
Q

Russo-Japanese War

A
  1. 20th CE, E. Asia
  2. Resulted from Japan helping to suppress Chinese Boxer Rebellion, along with West.
  3. Japan competed with Russia for land and influence in Manchuria (NE China).
  4. Japan won Russia’s previous holding of Port Arthur in Manchuria.
  5. CC: Similar to other E Asian wars for land, like the Sino-Japanese War.
  6. COT: Change in that Japan bested a Western country militarily, demonstrating modernization.
43
Q

José Rizal

A
  1. 19th CE, Southeast Asia (the Philippines)
  2. Learned Western ideas while in Europe, and became involved with Filipino Revolutionaries
  3. Reformed and went back to Manila, where a false connection with a nationalist rebellion was drawn.
  4. Rizal was put to death.
  5. Represented harsh rule of Spanish in Philippines.
  6. Advocated making the Philippines a province of Spain, giving it representation in the Spanish parliament, replacing Spanish friars with Filipino friars, and making the Filipinos and Spanish equal before the law
  7. CC: Similar to Yatsen in China (late 19th) b/c both desired for equality and independence from the European imperialists, different from treatment of natives in British India.
  8. COT: Continuity b/c Rizal represented that Spanish imperialism was still oppressive
44
Q

Opening of Japan

A
  1. 19th CE, Japan
  2. U.S. Commodore Perry, in Tokyo, demanded Japan open their closed ports by using Gunboat Diplomacy.
  3. After seeing results of China’s refusal, Japan signed a treaty opening 2 ports.
  4. Japan shogun, over daimyos, over samurai, over peasants and merchants.
  5. Samurai reacted with anti-foreign terrorism because special privileges were taken away, which was quickly crushed.
  6. CC: Similar to opening of China in that it was forced, different in that it was peaceful.
  7. COT: Change b/c Japan had practiced isolationism since the early 17th century
45
Q

Encomienda System

A
  1. 18th-19th, Latin America and Philippines
  2. Used to encourage Spaniards to colonize
  3. Crown-serving Spaniards got grants to control public affairs and collect taxes in colonies.
  4. CC: Different from most other systems of colonization becasue the Spanish government engouraged colonists unlike the Portuguese who did not establich civilian colonies.
  5. COT: Continued in use for most of Spanish colonization and in most colonies.
46
Q

Queen Victoria

4

A
  1. 18th CE, Britain
  2. Ruled over India as the Empress of India.
  3. Symbolized British Imperialism to India and the world.
  4. CC: Smiliar to Empress Dowager Cixi of China who was an imperialst women ruler in the time or to any other imperalist rulers in the time period.
  5. COT: Change from distant rule to more involved rule of India.
47
Q

Java War

4

A
  1. 19th CE, SE Asia
  2. As Dutch government took over from Dutch East India Company, it tried to form a bureaucracy.
  3. Javanese resistance led to Java War.
  4. Resulted in harsh treatment of natives by way of Culture System.
  5. CC: Similar to wars of colonization, such as the wars in Latin America (Aztecs/Incas vs. Spain), or Boer War (British vs. S. Africans)
  6. COT: Change in that Dutch rule of Java became harsher over time.
48
Q

China’s Problems of the 19th Century

4

A
  1. 19th CE, China
  2. Land crowding, conflicts over resources, shortage of marriageable women.
  3. Taiping Rebellion, Boxer Rebellion, Opuim War (mid 19th)
  4. Religious cults, such as the followers of Xiuquan, caused disorder and mass rebellion, including the Taiping Rebellion
  5. CC: Compared to India who experinced all of the same problems but India’s problems were over imperalist actions by Brtian.
  6. COT: Change b/c China was stable under the early Qing rulers and reached instability by the late 19th century
49
Q

1911 Revolution

A
  1. 20th CE, China
  2. Western-educated revolutionaries, like Sun Yatsen, attempted to convince Army officials to help.
  3. Resulted in provincial governments seceded.
  4. The emperor abdicated, and ended China’s monarchy.
  5. CC: Similar to other revolutions, like Russia’s Bolshevik Revolution
  6. COT: Change from China’s previous monarchy to a republic.
50
Q

Westerners in Asia in the 19th Century

A
  1. 19th CE, Asia
  2. British businessmen, civil service personnel, and missionaries lived in India separately from the natives.
  3. In China, missionaries and doctors lived mixed with the population.
  4. Missionaries spread Western ideals of science, math, law, and history and did not gain many converts.
  5. CC: Similar to Western people in other colonies, like Africa. Different in that more natives found interest in Western ideas but those ideas also were met with violence.
  6. COT: Continuity b/c opposition to Westerners still existed in Asia as it had before when missionaries traveled to Japan and China in the early 17th century, where the practice of Christianity were banned and the borders closed.
51
Q

Russo-Japanese War

A
  1. 20th CE, E. Asia
  2. Resulted from Japan helping to suppress Chinese Boxer Rebellion, along with West.
  3. Japan competed with Russia for land and influence in Manchuria (NE China).
  4. Japan won Russia’s previous holding of Port Arthur in Manchuria.
  5. CC: Similar to other E Asian wars for land, like the Sino-Japanese War.
  6. COT: Change in that Japan bested a Western country militarily, demonstrating modernization.
52
Q

José Rizal

A
  1. 19th CE, Southeast Asia (the Philippines)
  2. Learned Western ideas while in Europe, and became involved with Filipino Revolutionaries
  3. Reformed and went back to Manila, where a false connection with a nationalist rebellion was drawn.
  4. Rizal was put to death.
  5. Represented harsh rule of Spanish in Philippines.
  6. Advocated making the Philippines a province of Spain, giving it representation in the Spanish parliament, replacing Spanish friars with Filipino friars, and making the Filipinos and Spanish equal before the law
  7. CC: Similar to Yatsen in China (late 19th) b/c both desired for equality and independence from the European imperialists, different from treatment of natives in British India.
  8. COT: Continuity b/c Rizal represented that Spanish imperialism was still oppressive
53
Q

Opening of Japan

A
  1. 19th CE, Japan
  2. U.S. Commodore Perry, in Tokyo, demanded Japan open their closed ports by using Gunboat Diplomacy.
  3. After seeing results of China’s refusal, Japan signed a treaty opening 2 ports.
  4. Japan shogun, over daimyos, over samurai, over peasants and merchants.
  5. Samurai reacted with anti-foreign terrorism because special privileges were taken away, which was quickly crushed.
  6. CC: Similar to opening of China in that it was forced, different in that it was peaceful.
  7. COT: Change b/c Japan had practiced isolationism since the early 17th century
54
Q

Asian Migration

A
  1. 18th CE-Early 20th( but still contiues today), Asia
  2. Causes:
    A. Population overcrowding
    B. Conflict at home
    Pull:
    A. Opportunity of business class in Western colonies
    B. Riches in America (Gold Rush)
    C. Indentured plantation labor (Indians, Chinese)
    D. Western education for elites
  3. Provided cheap/free labor for most imperialist colonies, whether as slaves or indentured servants.
  4. Migrants were mostly considered subhuman, and were worked far too hard and long.
  5. Migrated to America
  6. CC: Similar to African (forced) migrations as slaves, to provide labor in colonies or waves of European migrations by both Eastern and Western European immigrants in the 19th-early 20th century.
  7. COT: Continuity: Asians still being treated as inferior in the areas they migrated to.
55
Q

Korea in the Era of Imperialism

A
  1. 18th-20th, E. Asia
  2. Choson Dynasty heavily influenced by Chinese Confucianism and civil service exams.
  3. Caught between China, Japan, and Russia to colonize, while xenophobic cults rebelled within.
  4. Was forced to sign treaties with Europe and Japan, resulting in China vs. Japan.
  5. Japan won, made Korea a colony, proved dominance over China.
  6. CC: Similar to other imperialistic takeovers, like in Canada with French vs British, or South Africa with the Dutch and British.
  7. COT: Changed hands from Chinese influence to direct Japanese control or can be seen as a continuity b/c Korea continued to be ruled by another Asian country
56
Q

Changes of the Meiji Restoration

A
  1. 18th, Japan
  2. Liberalization of government (Constitution, Legal equality, Social reform, expanded police force.)
  3. Resistance (protests about oppressiveness)
  4. Cultural Westernization (civilization and enlightenment, by Fukuzawa Yukichi)
  5. Expansive industrialization (Rail, mines, factories, cotton) and formation of huge corporations (Zaibatsu)
  6. CC: Similar to effects of Industrial Revolution and Enlightenment in the West
  7. COT: Change b/c the Japanese gov’t openly embraced Western ideals instead of opposing them

2013-2014 AP World (32 decks)

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