Chapter 1: Early Civilizations in AfroEurasia, to 450 B.C.E.

Question 1

Sumerians

Answer 1

1) 3000-2331 B.C.E.
2) Southernmost part of Mesopotamia.
3)
4) Sumerian’s developed a style of writing known as cuneiform. The Sumerian’s are credited for the invention of writing.
5) Causes:
Effects: The Sumerian’s invention of writing unified Sumerian society by making communications much easier and opening Sumerian society to a broader world.

Question 2

Hammurabi (and his code)

Answer 2

1) r. 1792-1750 B.C.E.
2) Mesopotamia, capital at Babylon.
3) Hammurabi developed a code to establish the law of the land. Known as Hammurabi’s code, the code affected all of his people and differentiated his subjects in terms of laws and punishments based on social status and gender.
4) Hammurabi’s code gave careful attention to marriage and the family. The code set expectations for the husband and wife to follow in a marriage. The code technically allowed husbands to have absolute authority over a household.

Question 3

Nefertiti

Answer 3

1) around 1470 B.C.E.
2) Egypt
3)

Question 4

Neolithic Revolution

Answer 4

1) 7000-3000 B.C.E.
2) Afroeurasia
3)
4) The Neolithic revolution refers to the period of time when stone tools came into use.

Question 5

Mesopotamia

Answer 5

1) 2331-ca. 1595 B.C.E.
2) Between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers.
3) Sumerians and Semites inhabited Mesopotamia.
4) Hammurabi won control of the region and established his capital at Babylon.

Question 6

Epic of Gilgamesh

Answer 6

1) Written during Sumerian existence–3000-2331 B.C.E.–by the Sumerians.
2) Mesopotamia
3) Affected the Sumerians.
4) The Epic of Gilgamesh was the first epic poem written by the Sumerians. The epic recounts the travels of Gilgamesh (king of Uruk) and his search for eternal life. The purpose of this epic was to show the Sumerians questions such as those concerning life and death, people and deity, and immortality.

Question 7

Sargon

Answer 7

1) 2334-2279 B.C.E.

2) Mesopotamia/Sumer

Question 8

Old Kingdom in Egypt

Answer 8

1) 3200-2180 B.C.E.

2) Egypt

Question 9

Middle Kingdom in Egypt

Answer 9

1) 2040-1674 B.C.E.

2) Egypt

Question 10

New Kingdom in Egypt

Answer 10

1) 1570-1075 B.C.E.

2) Egypt

Question 11

Hyksos

Answer 11

1) 1640-1570 B.C.E.
2) Hyksos settled in the Nile Delta.
3) The Hyksos
4) The Hyksos are credited for bringing Egypt fully into the Bronze Age.
5)

Question 12

Bronze Age

Answer 12

1) 3000-1200 B.C.E.
2) Egypt
3) The Egyptian’s lifestyle was revolutionized by the introduction and use of bronze in their society.
4)
5) Revolutionized warfare and made farming much more efficient.
6) COT: the Egyptians revolutionized warfare and farming from 7000 B.C.E. to 1200 B.C.E. beginning with the use of stone tools around 7000 B.C.E. to the introduction and use of bronze tools and weapons around 3000 B.C.E.

Question 13

Monotheism and Polytheism

Answer 13

1)

Question 14

Akhenaten

Answer 14

1) r. 1367-1350 B.C.E.

2) The New Kingdom in Egypt

Question 15

Phoenicians

Answer 15

1) Around Third Intermediate Period (1100-653 B.C.E.)

Question 16

Hittites

Answer 16

1) 1650-1200 B.C.E.
2) Anatolia, began to expand east and south from there.
3) Affected the Egyptians, Babylonians as they formed alliances with other nations for offensive and defensive protection.
4) Hittites (and their Egyptian allies) fell to the Sea Peoples (a group of invaders who destroyed the Egyptian empires) around the late 13th century B.C.E. The Hittites fell entirely, now vulnerable to invasions from the north. The Hittites Egyptian allies retreated back to the delta.

Question 17

Battle of Kadesh

Answer 17

1) Around 1300 B.C.E.
2) Syria
3) Egyptians and the Hittites fought each other.
4) Hittites stopped the Egyptian army under Rameses II (r. ca. 1290-1224 B.C.E.), first making peace with the Egyptians and then an alliance.

Question 18

Hebrews and the Kingdom of Israel

Answer 18

1) 950-538 B.C.E.
2) Israel
3) The Hebrews , Egyptians (enslaved the Hebrews), Philistines (were a threat to the the Hebrews because of superior military technology/organization).

Question 19

Judaism (Babylonian Captivity)

Answer 19

1) 605-539 B.C.E. ?

Question 20

Assyria

Answer 20

1) 850-612 B.C.E.

2) Northern Mesopotamia, capital centered at Nineveh on the Tigris River.

Question 21

Tiglath-pileser III

Answer 21

1) r. 745-727 B.C.E.

Question 22

Iranian and the Persian Empire (Royal Road)

Answer 22

1) 1000-464 B.C.E. (Perian Empire: 550-464 B.C.E.)
2) Iranians settled in the area between the Caspian Sea and the Persian Gulf. The Persians settled in Persia, and the Medes occupied Media.

Question 23

Cyrus the Great

Answer 23

1) r. 559-530 B.C.E.
2) Persia
3) Cyrus affected the Iranian peoples, Persians, Babylonians, and the Jews.

Question 24

Zoroastrianism

Answer 24

1) Around 600 B.C.E.
2) Iran
3) Converted Darius (Persian King) and won converts throughout Iran.

Question 25

Darius

Answer 25

1) r. 521-486 B.C.E.
2) Persia
3) Darius affected the Indian people when he conquered western India in about 513 B.C.E.