Chapter 31

Question 0

Blitzkrieg

Answer 0

German term for lightning warfare; involved rapid movement of troops, tanks, and mechanized carriers; resulted in early German victories over Belgium, Holland, and France in World War II

Question 1

National Socialist Party

Answer 1

Also known as the Nazi party; led by Adolf Hitler in Germany, picked up political support during the economic chaos of the Great Depression; advocated authoritarian state under a single leader, aggressive foreign policy to reverse humiliation of the Versailles treaty; took power in Germany in 1933

Question 2

Vichy

Answer 2

French collaborationist government established in 1940 in southern France following defeat of French armies by the Germans

Question 3

Winston Churchhill

Answer 3

British prime minister during World War II; responsible for British resistance to German air assaults

Question 4

Battle of Britain

Answer 4

The 1940 Nazi air offensive including saturation bombing of London and other British cities, countered by British innovative air tactics and radar tracking of German assault aircraft

Question 5

Holocaust

Answer 5

Term for Hitler’s attempted genocide of European Jews during World War II; resulted in deaths of 6 million Jews

Question 6

Battle of the Bulge

Answer 6

Hitler’s last-ditch effort to repel the invading Allied armies in the winter of 1944-1945

Question 7

Pearl Harbor

Answer 7

American naval base in Hawaii; attack by Japanese on this facility in December 1941 crippled American fleet in the Pacific and caused entry of United Sates into World War II

Question 8

Battle of the Coral Sea

Answer 8

World War II Pacific battle; United States and Japanese forces fought to a standoff

Question 9

Midway Island

Answer 9

World War II Pacific battle; decisive U.S. victory over powerful Japanese carrier force

Question 10

United Nations

Answer 10

International organization formed in the aftermath of World War II; included all of the victorious Allies; its primary mission was to provide a forum for negotiating disputes

Question 11

Tehran Confrence

Answer 11

Meeting among leaders of the United States, Britain, and the Soviet Union in 1943; agreed to the opening of a new front in France

Question 12

Yalta Conference

Answer 12

Meeting among leaders of the United States, Britain, and the Soviet Union in 1945; agreed to Soviet entry into the Pacific war in return for possessions in Manchuria, organization of the United Nations; disputed the division of political organization in the Eastern European states to be reestablished after the war

Question 13

Potsdam Conference

Answer 13

Meeting among leaders of the United States, Britain, and the Soviet Union just before the end of World War II in 1945; Allies agreed upon Soviet domination in Eastern Europe; Germany and Austria to be divided among victorious Allies

Question 14

Total war

Answer 14

Fought in the cities and countryside over much of Europe; drained the resources of the European powers

Question 15

Atlantic Charter of 1941

Answer 15

World War II alliance agreement between the United States and Britain; included a clause that recognized the right of all people to choose the form of government under which they live; indicated sympathy for decolonization

Question 16

Quit India movement

Answer 16

Mass civil disobedience campaign that began in the summer of 1942 to end British control of India

Question 17

Muslim League

Answer 17

Founded in 1906 to better support demands of Muslims for separate electorates and legislative seats in Hindu-dominated India; represented division within Indian nationalist movement

Question 18

Muhammad Ali Jinnah

Answer 18

Muslim nationalist in India; originally a member of the National Congress party; became leader of Muslim League; traded Muslim support for British during World War II for promises of a separate Muslim State after the war; first president of Pakistan

Question 19

Convention Peoples Party (CPP)

Answer 19

Political party established by Kwame Nkrumah in opposition to British control of colonial legislature in Gold Coast

Question 20

Jomo Kenyatta

Answer 20

Leader of the nonviolent Nationalist party In Kenya; organized the Kenya Africa union (KAU); failed to win concessions because of resistance of white settlers; came to power only after suppression of the Land Freedom Army or Mau Mau

Question 21

Kenya African Union (KAU)

Answer 21

Leading Nationalist party in Kenya; adopted nonviolent approach to ending British control in the 1950s

Question 22

Land Freedom Army

Answer 22

Radical organization for independence in Kenya; frustrated by failure of nonviolent means, initiated campaign of terror in 1952; referred to by British as the Mau May

Question 23

National Liberation Front (FLN)

Answer 23

Radical nationalist movement in Algeria; launched sustained guerilla war against France in the 1950s; success of attacks led to independence of Algeria in 1958

Question 24

Secret Army Organization (OAS)

Answer 24

Organization of French settlers in Algeria; led guerilla war following independence during the 1960s; assaults directed against Arabs, Berbers, and French who advocated independence

Question 25

Afrikaner National Party

Answer 25

Emerged as the majority party in the all-white South African legislature after 1948; advocated complete independence from Britain; favored a rigid system of racial segregation called apartheid

Question 26

Apartheid

Answer 26

Policy of strict racial segregation imposed in South Africa to permit the continued dominance of whites politically and economically

Question 27

Haganah

Answer 27

Zionist military force engaged in violent resistance to British presence in Palestine in the 1940s