Chapter 24 Flashcards
Sepoys
Troops that served the British East India company; recruited from various warlike peoples of India
Mataram
Kingdom that controlled interior regions of Java in 17th century; Dutch East India Company paid tribute to the kingdom for rights of trade at Batavia; weakness of kingdom after 1670s allowed Dutch to exert control over all of Java
British Raj
British political establishment in India; developed as a result of the rivalry between France and Britain in India
Plassey
Battle in 1757 between troops of the British East India Company and an Indian army under Sirãj ud-daula, ruler of Bengal; British victory resulted in control of northern India
Robert Clive
Architect of British victory at Plassey; established foundations of British Raj in northern India (18th century)
Presidencies
Three districts that made up the bulk of the directly ruled British territories in India, capitals at Madras, Calcutta, and Bombay
Princely States
Domains of Indian princes allied with the British Raj, agents of East India Company were stationed at the rulers’ courts to ensure compliance; made up over one-third of the British Indian Empire
Nabobs
Name given to British representatives of the East India Company who went briefly to India to make fortunes through graft and exploitation
Lord Charles Cornwallis
Reformer of the East India Company administration of India in the 1790s; reduced power of local British administrators; checked widespread corruption
Ram Mohun Roy
Western-educated Indian leader, early 19th century; cooperated with British to outlaw sati
Isandhlwana
Location of battle fought in 1879 between the British and Zulu armies in Southern Africa; resulted in defeat of British; one of few victories of African forces over Western Europeans
Settlement Colonies
Areas, such as North America and Australia, that were both conquered by European invaders and settled by large numbers of European migrants who made the colonized areas their permanent home and dispersed and decimated the indigenous inhabitants
White Dominions
Colonies in which European settlers made up the overwhelming majority of the population; small numbers of native inhabitants were typically reduced by disease and wars on conquest; typical of British holdings in North America and Australia with growing independence in the 19th century
White Racial Supremacy
Belief in the inherent mental, moral, and cultural superiority of whites, peaked in acceptance in decades before World War I, supported by social science doctrines of social Darwinists such as Herbert Spencer
Natal
British colony in South Africa; developed after Boer Trek north from Cape Colony; major commercial outpost at Durban
Boer Republics
Transvaal and Orange Free State in Southern Africa; established to insert independence of Boers from British colonial government in Cape Colony in 1850s; discovery of diamonds and precious metals caused British migration into the Boer areas in 1860s
Cecil Rhodes
British entrepreneur in south Africa around 1900; manipulated political situation in South Africa to gain entry to resources of Boer republics; encouraged Boer War as means of destroying Boer Independence
Boer War
Fought between 1899 and 1902 over the continued independence of Boer republics; resulted in British victory, but began the process of decolonization in Southern Africa
Captain James Cook
Made voyages to Hawaii from 1777 to 1779 resulting in opening of islands to the West; convinced Kamehameha to establish unified kingdom in the islands
Kamehameha I
Fought series of wars backed by British weapons and advisors resulting in unified Hawaiian Kingdom by 1810; as King he promoted economic change encouraging Western merchants to establish export trade in Hawaiian goods
Princely States
Domains of Indian princes allied with the British Raj, agents of East India Company were stationed at the rulers’ courts to ensure compliance; made up over one-third of the British Indian Empire
Nabobs
Name given to British representatives of the East India Company who went briefly to India to make fortunes through graft and exploitation
Lord Charles Cornwallis
Reformer of the East India Company administration of India in the 1790s; reduced power of local British administrators; checked widespread corruption
Ram Mohun Roy
Western-educated Indian leader, early 19th century; cooperated with British to outlaw sati
Isandhlwana
Location of battle fought in 1879 between the British and Zulu armies in Southern Africa; resulted in defeat of British; one of few victories of African forces over Western Europeans
Settlement Colonies
Areas, such as North America and Australia, that were both conquered by European invaders and settled by large numbers of European migrants who made the colonized areas their permanent home and dispersed and decimated the indigenous inhabitants
White Dominions
Colonies in which European settlers made up the overwhelming majority of the population; small numbers of native inhabitants were typically reduced by disease and wars on conquest; typical of British holdings in North America and Australia with growing independence in the 19th century
White Racial Supremacy
Belief in the inherent mental, moral, and cultural superiority of whites, peaked in acceptance in decades before World War I, supported by social science doctrines of social Darwinists such as Herbert Spencer
Natal
British colony in South Africa; developed after Boer Trek north from Cape Colony; major commercial outpost at Durban
Bore Republics
Transvaal and Orange Free State in Southern Africa; established to insert independence of Boers from British colonial government in Cape Colony in 1850s; discovery of diamonds and precious metals caused British migration into the Boer areas in 1860s
Cecil Rhodes
British entrepreneur in south Africa around 1900; manipulated political situation in South Africa to gain entry to resources of Boer republics; encouraged Boer War as means of destroying Boer Independence
Boer War
Fought between 1899 and 1902 over the continued independence of Boer republics; resulted in British victory, but began the process of decolonization in Southern Africa
Captain James Cook
Made voyages to Hawaii from 1777 to 1779 resulting in opening of islands to the West; convinced Kamehameha to establish unified kingdom in the islands
Kamehameha I
Fought series of wars backed by British weapons and advisors resulting in unified Hawaiian Kingdom by 1810; as King he promoted economic change encouraging Western merchants to establish export trade in Hawaiian goods
