Ch 27

Question 0

Decembrist Uprising

Answer 0

Political revolt in Russia in 1825; led by middle-level army officers who advocated reforms; put down by Tsar Nicholas I

Question 1

Holy Alliance

Answer 1

Alliance among Russia, Prussia and Austria in defense of religion and the establishment order; formed at Congress of Vienna by most conservative monarchies of Europe

Question 2

Crimean War

Answer 2

Fought between 1854 and 1856; began as Russian attempt to attack Ottoman Empire, Russia opposed by France and Britain as well; resulted in Russian defeat in the face of Western industrial technology; led to Russian reforms under Tsar Alexander II

Question 3

Emancipation of the serfs

Answer 3

Tsar Alexandra II ended rigorous serfdom in Russia in 1861; serfs obtained no political rights; required to stay in villages until they could repay aristocracy

Question 4

Trans-Siberian railroad

Answer 4

Constructed in 1870s to connect European Russia with the Pacific; completed by the end of the 1880s; brought Russia into a more active Asian role

Question 5

Sergei Witte

Answer 5

Russian minister of finance from 1892 to 1903; economic modernizer responsible for high tariffs, improved banking system; encouraged Western investors to build factories in Russia

Question 6

Intelligentsia

Answer 6

Russian term denoting articulate intellectuals as a class; 19th-century group bent on radical change in Russian political and social system; often wished to maintain a Russian culture distinct from that of the West

Question 7

Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov

Answer 7

Better known as Lenin; most active Russian Marxist leader; insisted on importance of disciplined revolutionary cells; leader of Bolshevik Revolution of 1917

Question 8

Bolsheviks

Answer 8

Literately, the majority party; the most radical branch of the Russian Marxist movement; led by VI Lenin and dedicated to his concept of social revolution; actually a minority in the Russian Marxist political scheme until it’s triumph in the 1917 revolution

Question 9

Russo-Japanese War

Answer 9

War between Japan and Russia (1904-1905) over territory in Manchuria; Japan defeated the Russians, largely because of its naval power; Japan annexed Korea in 1910 as a result of military dominance

Question 10

Duma

Answer 10

National Parliament created in Russia in the aftermath of the revolution of 1905; progressively stripped of power during the reign of Tsar Nicholas II; failed to forestall further revolution

Question 11

Stolypin reforms

Answer 11

Reforms introduced by the Russian Interior Minister Piotyr Stolypin intended to placate the peasantry in the aftermath of the revolution of 1905; included reduction in redemption payments, attempt to create market-orientated peasantry

Question 12

Kulaks

Answer 12

Agricultural entrepreneurs who utilized the Stolypin and later NEP reforms to increase agricultural production and buy additional land

Question 13

Terakoya

Answer 13

Commoner schools founded during the Tokugawa Shogunate in Japan to teach reading, writing, and the rudiments of Confucianism; resulted in high literacy rate, approaching 40% of Japanese males

Question 14

Dutch Studies

Answer 14

Group of Japanese scholars interested in implications of western science and technology beginning in the 18th century; urged freer exchange with West; based studies on few Dutch texts available in Japan

Question 15

Matthew Perry

Answer 15

American Commodore who visited Edo Bay with American fleet in 1853; insisted on opening ports to American trade on threat of naval bombardment; won rights for American trade with Japan in 1854

Question 16

Diet

Answer 16

Japanese Parliament established as part of the new constitution of 1889; part of Meiji reforms; could pass laws in approve budgets; able to advise government, but not to control it

Question 17

Sino-Japanese War

Answer 17

War fought between Japan and Qing China between 1894 and 1895; resulted in Japanese victory; frustrated Japanese imperial aims because of western insistence that Japan withdraw from Liaodang peninsula