Chapter 30 Flashcards
Socialism in one country
Joseph Stalin’s concept of Russian communism based solely on the Soviet Union rather than the Leninist concept of international revolution; by cutting off the Soviet Union from other economies, the USSR avoided worst consequences of the Great Depression
Great Depression
International economic crisis following the first world war; began with collapse of American stock market in 1929; actual causes included collapse of agricultural prices in 1920s; included collapse of banking houses in the United States and Western Europe, massive unemployment; contradicted optimistic assumptions of 19th-century
Popular Front
Combination of socialist and communist political parties in France; won election in 1936; unable to take strong measures of social reform because of continuing strength of conservatives; fell from power in 1938
New Deal
President Franklin Roosevelt’s precursor of the modern welfare state (1933-1939), programs to combat economic depression enacted a number of social insurance measures and used government spending to stimulate the economy; increased power of the state and the states intervention in the United States social and economic life
Totalitarian state
A new kind of government in the 20th century that exercised massive, direct control over virtually all the activities of its subjects, existed in Germany, Italy, and the Soviet union
Gestapo
Secret police in Nazi Germany, known for brutal tactics
Anschluss
Hitler’s union of Germany with the German-speaking population of Austria; took place in 1938, despite complaints of other European nations
Appeasement
Policy of Neville Chamberlain, British prime minister who hoped to preserve peace in the face of German aggression; particularly applied to Munich Conference agreements; failed when Hitler invaded Poland in 1939
Spanish Civil War
War pitting authoritarian and military leaders in Spain against Republicans and leftists between 1936 and 1939; Germany and Italy supported the royalists; the Soviet Union supported the Republicans; led to victory of the royalist forces
Important substitution industrialization
Typical of Latin American economies; domestic production of goods during the 20th century that had previously been imported; led to light industrialization
Syndicalism
Economic and political system based on the organization of labor; imported in Latin America from European political movements; militant force in Latin American politics
Tragic week
Occupied in Argentina in 1919; government response to general strike of labor forces led to brutal repression under guise nationalism
Corporatism
Political ideology that emphasized the organic nature of society and made the state a mediator, adjusting the interests of different social groups; appealed to consecutive groups in European and Latin American societies and to the military
Lázaro Cárdenas
President of Mexico from 1934 to 1940; responsible for redistribution of land, primarily to create Egidos; or communal farms; also began program of primary and rural education
Getúlio Vargas
Elected president of Brazil in 1929; launched centralized political program by imposing federal administrators over state governments; held off coops by communists in 1935 and fascists in 1937; imposed a new constitution based on Mussolini’s Italy; leaned to communists after 1949; committed suicide in 1954
