Chapter 30 - Nutrition Key Terms

Question 1

movement of the smaller elements through the walls of the digestive tract and into the blood

Answer 1

absorption

Question 2

organic compounds which often are referred to as the building blocks of proteins. Must be consumed every day since the body does not produce or store excess for lear use

Answer 2

amino acids

Question 3

the use of energy to change simple materials into complex body substances and tissue

Answer 3

anabolism

Question 4

the breaking down of substances from complex to simple resulting in a release of energy

Answer 4

catabolism

Question 5

common eating disorder that involves an obsession with bingeing followed by purging

Answer 5

bulimia nervosa

Question 6

serious disorder in which the person exhibits life threatening practices as a result of an altered mental state. Strict dietary intake regulation

Answer 6

anorexia nervosa

Question 7

in imbalance in the amount of nutrient intake and the body’s needs

Answer 7

malnutrition

Question 8

the process of chemically changing nutrients, such as fats and proteins into end products that are used to meet the energy needs of the body or stored for future use, thereby helping to maintain homeostasis

Answer 8

metabolism

Question 9

minimum amount of energy required to maintain body functions in the resting, awake state

Answer 9

BMR - basal metabolic rate

Question 10

chemicals needed for energy, muscle building, nerve conduction, blood clotting, and immunity to diseases

Answer 10

minerals

Question 11

organic compounds responsible for regulation of body processes, reproduction, and growth

Answer 11

vitamins

Question 12

chemical substances composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen molecules. Supply the body with 4 kilocalories (Kcal) per gram

Answer 12

carbohydrates

Question 13

the mounts of heat energy it takes to raise the temp of 1000 grams of water 1 degree celsius

Answer 13

kilocalorie

Question 14

complex carbohydrate and is classified as soluble or insoluble

Answer 14

fiber

Question 15

most abundant lipids in food. Excess can be unhealthy

Answer 15

triglycerides

Question 16

fat soluble vitamins

Answer 16

A, D, E, and K

Question 17

by products that result when the body transforms food into energy. The accumulation of these by products over time is mainly responsible for the agin process and can contribute to the development of numerous heal conditions such as cancer, heart disease, and various inflammatory conditions

Answer 17

free radicals

Question 18

dissolve in the body and are excreted in the ring. Easily destroyed by air, light , and heat (cooking). Must be ingested through dietary sources or supplements because they are not stored in the body

Answer 18

water soluble vitamins.

Question 19

if carbohydrate levels are deficient, and excessive amount of fat is rapidly metabolized for energy. This imbalance results in the production of

Answer 19

ketones

Question 20

movement of the smaller elements though the walls of the digestive tract and into the blood

Answer 20

absorption

Question 21

difficulty in swallowing

Answer 21

dysphagia

Question 22

problematic or inadequate absorption of nutrients in the intestinal tract

Answer 22

malabsorption

Question 23

condition affecting children that restyles from both protein and calorie deficiency

Answer 23

marasmus

Question 24

condition affecting mostly children that is lack of protein accompanies by fluid retention

Answer 24

kwashiorkor

Question 25

Obesity in adults is defined as BMI of ?

Answer 25

30 or higher

Question 26

elevation of plasma, cholesterol, triglycerides, or both

Answer 26

hyperlipidemia

Question 27

physical wasting often seen in patient suffering from terminal illnesses who are unable to consume adequate intake of food

Answer 27

cachexia

Question 28

the study of measurement of the human body

Answer 28

anthropometry

Question 29

inhalation of fluid or foreign matter into the lungs and bronchi

Answer 29

aspiration