Chapter 30 - Nutrition Key Terms Flashcards

Nutrition Key Terms

1
Q

movement of the smaller elements through the walls of the digestive tract and into the blood

A

absorption

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2
Q

organic compounds which often are referred to as the building blocks of proteins. Must be consumed every day since the body does not produce or store excess for lear use

A

amino acids

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3
Q

the use of energy to change simple materials into complex body substances and tissue

A

anabolism

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4
Q

the breaking down of substances from complex to simple resulting in a release of energy

A

catabolism

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5
Q

common eating disorder that involves an obsession with bingeing followed by purging

A

bulimia nervosa

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6
Q

serious disorder in which the person exhibits life threatening practices as a result of an altered mental state. Strict dietary intake regulation

A

anorexia nervosa

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7
Q

in imbalance in the amount of nutrient intake and the body’s needs

A

malnutrition

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8
Q

the process of chemically changing nutrients, such as fats and proteins into end products that are used to meet the energy needs of the body or stored for future use, thereby helping to maintain homeostasis

A

metabolism

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9
Q

minimum amount of energy required to maintain body functions in the resting, awake state

A

BMR - basal metabolic rate

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10
Q

chemicals needed for energy, muscle building, nerve conduction, blood clotting, and immunity to diseases

A

minerals

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11
Q

organic compounds responsible for regulation of body processes, reproduction, and growth

A

vitamins

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12
Q

chemical substances composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen molecules. Supply the body with 4 kilocalories (Kcal) per gram

A

carbohydrates

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13
Q

the mounts of heat energy it takes to raise the temp of 1000 grams of water 1 degree celsius

A

kilocalorie

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14
Q

complex carbohydrate and is classified as soluble or insoluble

A

fiber

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15
Q

most abundant lipids in food. Excess can be unhealthy

A

triglycerides

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16
Q

fat soluble vitamins

A

A, D, E, and K

17
Q

by products that result when the body transforms food into energy. The accumulation of these by products over time is mainly responsible for the agin process and can contribute to the development of numerous heal conditions such as cancer, heart disease, and various inflammatory conditions

A

free radicals

18
Q

dissolve in the body and are excreted in the ring. Easily destroyed by air, light , and heat (cooking). Must be ingested through dietary sources or supplements because they are not stored in the body

A

water soluble vitamins.

19
Q

if carbohydrate levels are deficient, and excessive amount of fat is rapidly metabolized for energy. This imbalance results in the production of

A

ketones

20
Q

movement of the smaller elements though the walls of the digestive tract and into the blood

A

absorption

21
Q

difficulty in swallowing

A

dysphagia

22
Q

problematic or inadequate absorption of nutrients in the intestinal tract

A

malabsorption

23
Q

condition affecting children that restyles from both protein and calorie deficiency

A

marasmus

24
Q

condition affecting mostly children that is lack of protein accompanies by fluid retention

A

kwashiorkor

25
Q

Obesity in adults is defined as BMI of ?

A

30 or higher

26
Q

elevation of plasma, cholesterol, triglycerides, or both

A

hyperlipidemia

27
Q

physical wasting often seen in patient suffering from terminal illnesses who are unable to consume adequate intake of food

A

cachexia

28
Q

the study of measurement of the human body

A

anthropometry

29
Q

inhalation of fluid or foreign matter into the lungs and bronchi

A

aspiration