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MICROBIOLOGY > CHAPTER 30 > Flashcards

CHAPTER 30 Flashcards

EPIDEMIOLOGY AND PUBLIC HEALTH

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

a short-term infection, usually characterized by dramatic onset

A

ACUTE INFECTION

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2
Q

the number of expected secondary transmissions from each single case of a disease in an entirely susceptible population

A

BASIC REPRODUCTION NUMBER

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3
Q

the use of microbial agents to incapacitate or kill a military or civilian population in an act of war or terrorism

A

BIOLOGICAL (MICROBIAL) WARFARE

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4
Q

a subclinically infected individual who may spread a disease

A

CARRIER

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5
Q

the agency of the United States Public Health Service that tracks disease trends, provides disease information to the public and to healthcare professionals, and forms public policy regarding disease prevention and intervention

A

CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTIONS (CDC)

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6
Q

a long-term infection

A

CHRONIC INFECTION

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7
Q

an infection (or intoxication) of a large number of people from a contaminated common source such as food or water

A

COMMON-SOURCE EPIDEMIC

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8
Q

a quantitative measure of disease burden defined as the cumulative number of years lost due to an illness itself, a disability due to an illness, or premature death

A

DISABILITY-ADJUSTED LIFE YEAR

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9
Q

the observation, recognition, and reporting of diseases as they occur

A

DISEASE SURVEILLANCE

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10
Q

an infectious disease whose incidence recently increased or whose incidence threatens to increase in the near future

A

EMERGING DISEASE

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11
Q

a disease that is constantly present, usually in low numbers, in a population

A

ENDEMIC DISEASE

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12
Q

the occurrence of a disease in unusually high numbers in a localized population

A

EPIDEMIC

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13
Q

the study of the occurrence, distribution, and determinants of health and disease in populations

A

EPIDEMIOLOGY

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14
Q

an inanimate object that when contaminated with a viable pathogen can transfer the pathogen to a host

A

FOMITE

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15
Q

the resistance of a population to a pathogen as a result of the immunity of a large portion of the population

A

HERD IMMUNITY

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16
Q

an epidemic resulting from person-to-person contact, characterized by a gradual rise and fall in number of new cases

A

HOST-TO-HOST EPIDEMIC

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17
Q

the number of new reported cases of a disease in a population in a given time period

A

INCIDENCE

18
Q

in the context of infectious disease, the separation of persons who have an infectious disease from those whose are healthy

A

ISOLATION

19
Q

the incidence of disease in a population

A

MORBIDITY

20
Q

the incidence of death in a population

A

MORTALITY

21
Q

the occurrence of a large number of cases of a disease in a short period of time

A

OUTBREAK

22
Q

a widespread, usually worldwide epidemic

A

PANDEMIC

23
Q

the total number of new and existing cases of a disease reported in a population in a given time period

A

PREVALENCE

24
Q

the health of the populations as a whole

A

PUBLIC HEALTH

25
Q

the separation and restriction of well persons who may have been exposed to an infectious disease to see if they develop the disease

A

QUARANTINE

26
Q

an infectious disease previously under control but that produces a new epidemic

A

RE-EMERGING DISEASE

27
Q

a source of infectious agents from which susceptible individuals may be infected

A

RESERVOIR

28
Q

a living agent that transfers a pathogen

A

VECTOR

29
Q

a nonliving source of pathogens that transmits the pathogens to large numbers of individuals

A

VEHICLE

30
Q

the relative ability of a pathogen to cause disease

A

VIRULENCE

31
Q

any disease that occurs primarily in animals but can be transmitted to humans

A

ZOONOSIS

32
Q

What is the disease, symptoms and mode of transmission of Borrelia burgdorferi?

A

Disease: Lyme Disease
Symptoms: rash, fever, neurological and cardiac abnormalities, arthritis
Mode of Transmission: bite of infective Ixodes tick

33
Q

What is the disease, symptoms and mode of transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis?

A

Disease: Tuberculosis
Symptoms: cough, weight loss, lung lesions
Mode of Transmission: sputum droplets (exhaled through a cough or sneeze) from a person with active disease

34
Q

What is the disease, symptoms and mode of transmission of Clostridioides difficile?

A

Disease and Symptoms: Antibiotic-associated enterocolitis
Mode of Transmission: person-to-person contact and through fomites in the healthcare setting

35
Q

What is the disease, symptoms and mode of transmission of Vibrio cholera?

A

Disease: Cholera
Symptoms: severe diarrhea, rapid dehydration
Mode of transmission: water contaminated with the feces of infected persons; food exposed to contaminated water

36
Q

What is the disease, symptoms and mode of transmission of Dengue?

A

Disease and symptoms: Hemorrhagic fever
Mode of transmission: bite of an infected mosquito (primarily Aedes aegypti)

37
Q

What is the disease, symptoms and mode of transmission of Filoviruses (Marburg, Ebola)?

A

Symptoms: Fulminant, high mortality, hemorrhagic fevers
Mode pf transmission: direct contact with infected blood, organs, secretions, and semen

38
Q

What is the disease, symptoms and mode of transmission of Influenza H5N1 (avian influenza)?

A

Symptoms: fever, headache, cough, pneumonia, high mortality
Mode of transmission: direct contact with infected animals or humans, not easily spread via respiratory aerosols

39
Q

What is the disease, symptoms and mode of transmission of Zika?

A

Symptoms: asymptomatic, or fever, rash, muscle and joint pain, headache
Mode of transmission: Bite of an infected mosquito (primarily Aedes aegypti), mother to fetus, sexual contact, blood transfusion

40
Q

What is the disease, symptoms and mode of transmission of Candida?

A

Disease: Candidiasis
Symptoms: fungal infections of the gastrointestinal tract, vagina, and oral cavity
Mode of transmission: member of endogenous microbiota becomes an opportunistic pathogen; contact with secretions or excretions from infected persons

MICROBIOLOGY (12 decks)

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