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MICROBIOLOGY > CHAPTER 27 > Flashcards

CHAPTER 27 Flashcards

ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY: HIGHLY SPECIFIC HOST DEFENSES

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

a molecule capable of interacting which specific components of the immune system and that often functions as an immunogen to elicit an adaptive immune response

A

ANTIGEN

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2
Q

a cell surface immunoglobin that acts as an antigen receptor a B cell

A

B CELL RECEPTOR (BCR)

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3
Q

a protein found on Th cells that interacts with MHCII on an antigen-presenting cell

A

CD4 CORECEPTOR

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4
Q

a protein found exclusively on Tc cells that interacts with MHCI on a target cell

A

CD8 CORECEPTOR

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5
Q

the inability to produce an immune response to specific antigens due to the neutralization of effector cells

A

CLONAL ANERGY

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6
Q

for T cell selection in the thymus or B cell selection in the bone marrow, the elimination by apoptosis of useless or self-reactive precursor lymphocytes

A

CLONAL DELETION

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7
Q

following its activation, the proliferation and differentiation of a naive T or B lymphocytes into a clone of effector cells

A

CLONAL EXPANSION

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8
Q

lymphocytes of identical antigen specificity that have arisen from a single, activated progenitor cell

A

CLONE

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9
Q

a varying amino acid sequence within the variable domains of immunoglobulins or T cell receptors where contacts with antigen are made up

A

COMPLEMENTARY-DETERMINING REGION (CDR)

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10
Q

the portion of an antigen that reacts with a specific antibody or T cell receptor

A

EPITOPE

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11
Q

an antigen-presenting protein encoded by a major histocompatibility complex gene in humans

A

HUMAN LEUKOCYTE ANTIGEN (HLA)

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12
Q

the ability to rapidly produce large quantities of specific immune cells or antibodies after subsequent exposure to a previously encountered antigen

A

IMMUNE MEMORY (MEMORY)

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13
Q

a molecule capable of eliciting an adaptive immune response

A

IMMUNOGEN

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14
Q

a family of genes that are evolutionarily structurally, and functionally related to immunoglobulins

A

IMMUNOGLOBULIN GENE SUPERFAMILY

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15
Q

a long-lived B or T lymphocyte responsive to a specific antigen

A

MEMORY CELL

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16
Q

an antigen-presenting molecule found on all nucleated vertebrate

A

MHC CLASS I PROTEIN

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17
Q

an antigen-presenting molecule found on macrophages, b cells, and dendritic cells

A

MHC CLASS II PROTEIN

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18
Q

in antigen presentation, a specific amino acid seqeunce found in all peptides that to a given MHC protein

A

MOTIF

19
Q

in T cell selection, the deletion of T cells that interact strongly with self antigens in the thymus

A

NEGATIVE SELECTION

20
Q

the occurrence of two or more genetically, structurally, and functionally related gene loci due to an evolutionary gene duplication event

A

POLYGENY

21
Q

in a population, the occurrence of multiple alleles for a gene locus at higher frequency that can be explained by recent random mutations

A

POLYMORPHISM

22
Q

in T cell selection, the growth and development of T cells that interact with self MHC-peptide in the thymus

A

POSITIVE SELECTION

23
Q

the production of antibodies or immune T cells on first exposure to antigen; the antibodies are mostly of the IgM class

A

PRIMARY IMMUNE RESPONSE

24
Q

the enhanced production of antibodies or immune t]T cells on second and subsequent exposures to antigen; the antibodies are mostly of the IgG class

A

SECONDARY IMMUNE RESPONSE

25
Q

the mutation of immunoglobulin genes at rates higher than those observed in other genes

A

SOMATIC HYPERMUTATION

26
Q

the ability of cells of the adaptive immune response to interact with particular antigens

A

SPECIFICITY

27
Q

an antigen-specific receptor protein on the surface of T cells

A

T CELL RECEPTOR (TCR)

28
Q

a lymphocyte that interacts with MHC-I peptide complexes through its T cell receptor and produces cytotoxins that kill the interacting target cell

A

T-CYTOTOXIC (Tc) CELL

29
Q

a lymphocyte that interacts with MCH II-peptide complexes through its T cell receptor and produces cytokines that act on other cells. Th subsets include Th1 cells, which activate macrophages, Th2 cells, which activate neutrophils; and Th17 cells, which suppress adaptive immunity

A

T-HELPER (Th) CELL

30
Q

the acquired inability to produce an immune response to particular antigens

A

TOLERANCE

31
Q

the inoculation of a host with inactive or weakened pathogens or pathogen products to stimulate protective active immunity

A

VACCINATION (IMMUNIZATION)

32
Q

major circulating antibody; four sub-classes: IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4; IgG1 and IgG3 activate complement

A

IgG

33
Q

first antibody to appear in primary response to extracellular pathogens or after immunization; pentamer especially effective in agglutinating antigens; strong complement activator

A

IgM

34
Q

important circulating and major secretory antibody

A

IgA

35
Q

minor circulating antibody; mostly associated with mature B cells

A

IgD

36
Q

facilitates parasite immunity but also triggers allergic reactions

A

IgE

37
Q

True or False. Bloodborne pathogens/antigens are captured in the spleen, where IgM, IgG and serum IgA antibodies are produced.

A

TRUE

38
Q

the MHC proteins in humans were first identified as the major antigens responsible for immune-mediated tissue transplant rejection

A

HUMAN LEUKOCYTE ANTIGEN (HLAs)

39
Q

True or False. Tc cells express the CD8 coreceptor, and Th cells express the CD4 coreceptor

A

TRUE

40
Q

True or False. MHC proteins in different individuals of the same species are not identical. Different individuals typically have subtle differences in the amino acids sequence of homologous MHC proteins.

A

TRUE

41
Q

produce IL-2, a cytokine that promotes growth and activation of other cells, and also activate macrophages through the cytokines interferon gamma, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and granulocyte-monocyte colony-stimulating factor

A

Th 1 cells

42
Q

play a pivotal role in B cell activation and antibody production

A

Th 2 cells

43
Q

its function to produce IL-17, starting a cascade that draws neutrophils to infection sites

A

Th 17 cells

44
Q

shut down the immune response and inhibit inflammation

A

Treg cells

MICROBIOLOGY (12 decks)

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