CHAPTER 3

Question 1

is a series of biochemical reactions needed to sustain life

Answer 1

METABOLISM

Question 2

it is a reactions used to obtain energy and break down complete molecules

Answer 2

CATABOLISM

Question 3

it is a reaction used to synthesize cellular material

Answer 3

ANABOLISM

Question 4

it is describe the transformation of energy during metabolism characterized by electron flow within the cell

Answer 4

BIOENERGETICS

Question 5

molecule that is capable of storing energy and releasing it to fuel cellular processes

Answer 5

ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE (ATP)

Question 6

the energy available to do work

Answer 6

FREE ENERGY

Question 7

a source of electrons (e-) that can be used to both generate free energy and perform certain biosynthetic reactions

Answer 7

REDUCING POWER

Question 8

exergonic processes in which cells generate free energy by transforming reactants into products

Answer 8

CATABOLIC PATHWAYS

Question 9

endergonic processes in which the synthesis of cellular material from simple precursors requires an input of energy

Answer 9

ANABOLIC PATHWAYS
- the energy required to fuel anabolic reactions, and to biosynthesize cellular materials, comes from the hydrolysis of ATP

Question 10

ability to donate electrons during electron

Answer 10

REDUCING POWER

Question 11

obtain energy for metabolism from light

Answer 11

PHOTOTROPHS

Question 12

obtain energy for metabolism from chemical reactions

Answer 12

CHEMOTROPHS

Question 13

organisms that obtain their energy and reducing power from organic molecules

Answer 13

CHEMOORGANOTROPHS

Question 14

obtain their energy and reducing power from inorganic molecules

Answer 14

CHEMOLITOTROPHS

Question 15

obtain carbon for biosyntheis from an organic compound

Answer 15

HETEROTROPHS

Question 16

uses carbon dioxide as its carbon source, reducing it to cell material at the expense of ATP

Answer 16

AUTOTROPHS

Question 17

energy-rich bond of a substrate is hydrolyzed to directly the formation of ATP

Answer 17

SUBSTRATE-LEVEL PHOSPHORYLATION

Question 18

movement of electrons from an electron donor to an electron acceptor generates a proton motive force

Answer 18

OXIDATION PHOSPHORYLATION

Question 19

an electrochemical gradient formed by energy-conserving reactions that transport protons outside the cytoplasmic membrane

Answer 19

PROTEIN MOTIVE FORCE

Question 20

it is the mechanism of energy conservation that light energy is used to form the proton motive force that powers ATP synthesis and is the dominant mechanism of energy conservation in phototrophic organisms

Answer 20

PHOTOPHOSPHORYLATION

Question 21

a substance that facilitates a reaction but is not consumed by and it functions as by lowering the activation energy of a reaction, thereby increasing the reaction rate

Answer 21

CATALYST

Question 22

form of anaerobic catabolism in which organic compounds both donate electrons and accept electrons, and redox balance is achieved without the need for external electron acceptors

Answer 22

FERMENTATION

Question 23

form of aerobic or anaerobic catabolism in which an electron donor, which can be either organic or inorganic, is oxididzed using an external electron acceptor such as O2 or some other compound.

Answer 23

RESPIRATION

Question 24

it is a series of reactions in which glucose is oxidized to pyruvate

Answer 24

EMBDEN-MEYERHOF-PARNAS PATHWAY/ GYLCOLYSIS