CHAPTER 3 Flashcards
MICROBIAL METABOLISM
is a series of biochemical reactions needed to sustain life
METABOLISM
it is a reactions used to obtain energy and break down complete molecules
CATABOLISM
it is a reaction used to synthesize cellular material
ANABOLISM
it is describe the transformation of energy during metabolism characterized by electron flow within the cell
BIOENERGETICS
molecule that is capable of storing energy and releasing it to fuel cellular processes
ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE (ATP)
the energy available to do work
FREE ENERGY
a source of electrons (e-) that can be used to both generate free energy and perform certain biosynthetic reactions
REDUCING POWER
exergonic processes in which cells generate free energy by transforming reactants into products
CATABOLIC PATHWAYS
endergonic processes in which the synthesis of cellular material from simple precursors requires an input of energy
ANABOLIC PATHWAYS
- the energy required to fuel anabolic reactions, and to biosynthesize cellular materials, comes from the hydrolysis of ATP
ability to donate electrons during electron
REDUCING POWER
obtain energy for metabolism from light
PHOTOTROPHS
obtain energy for metabolism from chemical reactions
CHEMOTROPHS
organisms that obtain their energy and reducing power from organic molecules
CHEMOORGANOTROPHS
obtain their energy and reducing power from inorganic molecules
CHEMOLITOTROPHS
obtain carbon for biosyntheis from an organic compound
HETEROTROPHS
uses carbon dioxide as its carbon source, reducing it to cell material at the expense of ATP
AUTOTROPHS
energy-rich bond of a substrate is hydrolyzed to directly the formation of ATP
SUBSTRATE-LEVEL PHOSPHORYLATION
movement of electrons from an electron donor to an electron acceptor generates a proton motive force
OXIDATION PHOSPHORYLATION
an electrochemical gradient formed by energy-conserving reactions that transport protons outside the cytoplasmic membrane
PROTEIN MOTIVE FORCE
it is the mechanism of energy conservation that light energy is used to form the proton motive force that powers ATP synthesis and is the dominant mechanism of energy conservation in phototrophic organisms
PHOTOPHOSPHORYLATION
a substance that facilitates a reaction but is not consumed by and it functions as by lowering the activation energy of a reaction, thereby increasing the reaction rate
CATALYST
form of anaerobic catabolism in which organic compounds both donate electrons and accept electrons, and redox balance is achieved without the need for external electron acceptors
FERMENTATION
form of aerobic or anaerobic catabolism in which an electron donor, which can be either organic or inorganic, is oxididzed using an external electron acceptor such as O2 or some other compound.
RESPIRATION
it is a series of reactions in which glucose is oxidized to pyruvate
EMBDEN-MEYERHOF-PARNAS PATHWAY/ GYLCOLYSIS
