Chapter 30

Question 1

Ostalgie

Answer 1

German term referring to nostalgia for the lifestyles and culture of the vanished East Bloc

Question 2

ethnic cleansing

Answer 2

the attempt to establish ethnically homogeneous territories by intimidation, forced deportation, and killing

Question 3

Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA)

Answer 3

Military organization formed in 1998 by Kosovar militants who sought independence from Serbia

Question 4

globalization

Answer 4

the emergence of a freer, more technologically connected global economy, accompanied by a worldwide exchange of cultural, political, and religious ideas

Question 5

European Union (EU)

Answer 5

the economic, cultural, and political alliance of twenty-seven European nations

Question 6

Maastricht Treaty

Answer 6

the basis for the formation of the European Union, which set financial and cultural standards for potential member states and defined criteria for membership in the monetary union

Question 7

World Trade Organization (WTO)

Answer 7

a powerful supranational financial institution that sets trade and tariff agreements for over 150 members countries and so helps manage a large percentage of the world’s import-export policies. Like the IMF and the World Bank, the WTO promotes neoliberal policies around the world

Question 8

nongovernmental organization (NGOs)

Answer 8

independent organizations with specific agendas, such as humanitarian aid or environmental protection, that conduct international programs and activities

Question 9

diasporas

Answer 9

enclaves of ethnic groups settled outside of their homelands

Question 10

multiculturalism

Answer 10

the mixing of ethnic styles in daily life and in cultural works such as film, music, art, and literature

Question 11

war on terror

Answer 11

American policy under President George W. Bush to fight global terrorism in all its forms

Question 12

Muslim Brotherhood

Answer 12

Islamic social and political reform group founded in Egypt in 1928 that called for national liberation from European control and a return to shari’a law (based on Muslim legal codes), and demanded land reform, extensive social welfare programs, and economic independence

Question 13

Arab Spring

Answer 13

a series of popular revolts in several countries in the Middle East and North Africa that sought an end to authoritarian, often Western-supported regimes

Question 14

climate change

Answer 14

changes in long-standing weather patterns caused primarily by carbon dioxide emissions from the burning of fossil fuels