Chapter 13

Question 1

anticlericalism

Answer 1

opposition to the clergy

Question 2

indulgences

Answer 2

a document issued by the Catholic Church lessening penance or time in purgatory, widely believed to bring forgiveness of all sins

Question 3

Protestant

Answer 3

the name originally given to followers of Luther, which came to mean all non-Catholic Western Christian groups

Question 4

Spanish Armada

Answer 4

The fleet sent by Philip II of Spain in 1588 against England as a religious crusade against Protestantism. Weather and the English fleet defeated it.

Question 5

The Institutes of the Christian Religion

Answer 5

Calvin’s formulation of Christian doctrine, which became a systematic theology for Protestantism

Question 6

predestination

Answer 6

the teaching that God has determined the salvation or damnation of individuals based on his will and purpose, not on their merit or works

Question 7

Holy Office

Answer 7

The official Roman Catholic agency founded in 1542 to combat international doctrine hersey

Question 8

Jesuits

Answer 8

members of the Society of Jesus, founded by Ignatius Loyola, whose goal was the spread of the Roman Catholic faith

Question 9

Huguenots

Answer 9

French Calvinists

Question 10

politiques

Answer 10

Catholic and Protestant moderates who held that only a strong monarchy could save France from total collapse

Question 11

Edict of Nantes

Answer 11

a document issued by Henry IV of France in 1598, granting liberty of conscience and of public worship to Calvinists, which helped restore peace in France

Question 12

Union of Utrecht

Answer 12

the alliance of seven northern provinces (led by Holland) that declared its independence from Spain and formed the United Provinces of the Netherlands