Chapter 28

Question 1

Cold War

Answer 1

The rivalry between the Soviet Union and the United States that divided much of Europe into a Soviet-aligned Communist bloc and a U.S. aligned capitalist bloc between 1945 and 1989

Question 2

displaced persons

Answer 2

Postwar refugees, including 13 million Germans, former Nazi prisoners and forced laborers, and orphaned children

Question 3

Truman Doctrine

Answer 3

America’s policy geared to containing communism to those countries already under Soviet control

Question 4

Marshall Plan

Answer 4

American plan for providing economic aid to western Europe to help rebuild it

Question 5

Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (COMECON)

Answer 5

an economic organization of Communist states meant to help rebuild East Bloc countries under Soviet auspices

Question 6

NATO

Answer 6

The North Atlantic Treaty Organization, an anti-Soviet military alliance of Western governments

Question 7

Warsaw Pact

Answer 7

Soviet-based military alliance of East Bloc Communist countries in Europe

Question 8

economic miracle

Answer 8

term contemporaries used to describe rapid economic growth,often based on the consumer sector, in pot-WWII western Europe

Question 9

Christian Democrats

Answer 9

Center-right political parties that rose to power in western Europe after the Second World War

Question 10

Common Market

Answer 10

the European Economic Community, created by six western and central European countries in the West Bloc in 1957 as part of a larger search for European unity

Question 11

socialist realism

Answer 11

Artistic movement that followed the dictates of Communist ideals, enforced by state control in the Soviet Union and East Bloc countries in the 1950s and 1960s

Question 12

de-Stalinization

Answer 12

the liberalization of the post-Stalin Soviet Union led by reformer Nikita Khrushchev

Question 13

decolonization

Answer 13

the postwar reversal of Europe’s overseas expansion caused by the rising demand of the colonized peoples themselves, the declining power of European nations, and the freedoms promised by U.S. and Soviet ideals

Question 14

nonalignment

Answer 14

policy of postcolonial governments to remain neutral in the Cold War and play both the United States and the Soviet Union for what they could get

Question 15

neocolonialism

Answer 15

a postcolonial system that perpetuates Western economic exploitation in former colonial territories

Question 16

guest worker programs

Answer 16

government-run programs in western Europe designed to recruit labor for the booming postwar economy

Question 17

postcolonial migration

Answer 17

the postwar movement of people from former colonies and the developing world into Europe