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Life Span Development > Chapter 3 Terms > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Terms Flashcards

1
Q

Fertilization

A

union of sperm and ovum to produce a zygote, also called conception

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2
Q

Zygote

A

one-celled organism resulting from fertilization – a zygote has 23 chromosomes from mother and 23 chromosomes from father = 46 in all

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3
Q

Ovulation

A

the rupture of a mature follicle and expulsion of the ovum

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4
Q

Cervix

A

the opening of the uterus

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5
Q

Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART)

A

conception through artificial means; has a 23.6% success rate, very expensive

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6
Q

Dizygotic Twins

A

twins conceived by the union of two different ova (or a single ovum that has split) with two different sperm cells; also called fraternal twins; not more alike genetically than other siblings

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7
Q

Monozygotic Twins

A

Twins resulting from the division of a single zygote after fertilization; also called identical twins; genetically similar

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8
Q

Heredity

A

the genetic transmission of heritable characteristics from parents to offspring

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9
Q

Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)

A

chemical that carries inherited instructions for the development of all cellular forms of life

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10
Q

Chromosomes

A

coils of DNA that consist of genes – every cell except sperm and ova has 23 pairs of chromosomes

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11
Q

Genes

A

small segments of DNA located in definite positions on particular chromosomes

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12
Q

Mutations

A

permanent alterations in genes or chromosomes that may produce harmful characteristics

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13
Q

X Chromosomes

A

chromosomes containing the genes for femaleness

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14
Q

Y Chromosomes

A

chromosomes containing the genes for maleness

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15
Q

Dominant Inheritance

A

hereditary characteristic that is expressed by an organism

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16
Q

Recessive Inheritance

A

hereditary characteristic that is carried by an organism that does not express or show it

17
Q

Homozygous

A

possessing two identical alleles for a trait

18
Q

Heterozygous

A

possessing differing alleles for a trait

19
Q

Phenotype

A

observable characteristics of a person

20
Q

Genotype

A

genetic makeup of a person, containing both expressed and unexpressed characteristics

21
Q

Sex-linked Inheritance of Defects

A

pattern of inheritance in which certain characteristics carried on the X chromosome inherited from the mother are transmitted differently to her male and female offspring

22
Q

Heritability

A

statistical estimate of contribution of heredity to individual differences in a specific trait within a given population

23
Q

Reaction Range

A

potential variability, depending on environmental conditions, in the expression of a hereditary trait

24
Q

Cephalocaudal Principle

A

the upper parts of the body develop before the lower parts of the trunk

25
Q

Proximodistal Principle

A

The parts of the body near the center develop before the extremeties

26
Q

Germinal Stage

A

first two weeks of prenatal developed, characterized by rapid cell division, blastocyst formation, and implantation in the wall of the uterus

27
Q

Amniotic Sac

A

fluid-filled membrane that encases the developing baby, protecting it and giving it room to move

28
Q

Placenta

A

organ that allows, oxygen, nourishment, and wastes to pass between mother and embryo

29
Q

Umbilical Cord

A

Cord that connects the placenta to the baby and vice versa

30
Q

Embryonic Stage

A

second stage of gestation (2-8 weeks), characterized by rapid growth and development of major body systems and organs

31
Q

Trimester

A

a three-month period of pregnancy

32
Q

Spontaneous Abortion

A

natural expulsion of the uterus of an embryo that cannot survive outside the womb; also called a miscarriage

33
Q

Stillborn

A

term for a baby that is born dead after at least 20 weeks’ gestation

34
Q

Fetal Stage

A

final stage of gestation (from 8 weeks to birth), characterized by increased differentiation of body parts and greatly enlarged body size

35
Q

Ultrasound

A

prenatal medical prodecure using high-frequency sound waves to detect the outline of a fetus and its movements, so as to determine whether a pregnancy is progressing normally

36
Q

Teratogen

A

environmental agent, such as a virus, a drug, or radiation, that can interfere with normal prenatal development and cause developmental abnormalities

Life Span Development (14 decks)

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