Chapter 3 - Periodic Table Flashcards
Statesthatwhenelementsarearrangedinorderofincreasingatomicnumber,thereisaperiodic
repetitionoftheirchemicalandphysicalproperties.
Periodic Law
Theelectronsthat areinthehighest occupiedprincipal energylevel
Valence electrons
Theelectronsthat arecloser tothenucleusandlessavailablefor interactionwithother
atoms
Core electrons
elementsthat havethesandpsublevelsfor agivenprincipal
energylevel
Representative (main-group) elements
TheelementsinGroup1(lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, andfrancium)
Alkali metals
The elementsinGroup2(beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, and
radium)
Alkaline earth metals
Theelementsof Group18(helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, andradon)
Noble Gases
Theelementsof Group17(fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, andastatine)
Halogens
Theelementsthat arefoundinGroups312ontheperiodictable
Transition elements
The14elementsfrom cerium (atomicnumber 58) tolutetium (atomicnumber 71)
Lanthanides
The14elementsfrom thorium (atomicnumber 90) tolawrencium (atomicnumber 103).
Actinides
Anatomorgroupofbondedatomsthat hasapositiveor negativecharge.
Ion
Apositivelychargedion
Cation
Anegativelychargedion
Anion
Thedistancefrom anatom’snucleustotheelectronsintheoutermost orbitals
Atomic radius
Theenergyrequiredtoremoveanelectronfrom anatom
Ionization energy
When outer electronsarepartiallyshieldedfrom theattractiveforceof theprotonsin
thenucleusbyinnerelectrons.
Electron shielding
Ameasureof theabilityof anatom toattract sharedelectronswhentheatom ispart of acompound
Electronegativity
Theenergyrequiredtoremoveanelectronfrom anatom
Ionization energy
When outer electronsarepartiallyshieldedfrom theattractiveforceof theprotonsin
thenucleusbyinnerelectrons
Electron shielding
Twoatomsor ionswiththesamenumber of electronsandthereforethesameelectron configurations
isoelectronic
Anelementthatis agoodconductor of heat andelectricity
Metal
Anelementthat isgenerallyapoor conductor of heat andelectricity
nonmetal
Anelementwithpropertiesthat areintermediatebetweenthoseof metalsandnonmetals.
metalloid