Chapter 11 - Solutions Flashcards
A homogeneous mixture in which the most abundant component is water.
aqueous solution
A homogeneous mixture.
solution
The substance in a solution that is present in the largest amount.
solvent
The substance being dissolved.
solute
The process where crystals in a molecule get smaller and smaller until the solution is
transparent.
dissolution
A heterogeneous mixture where a solute does not dissolve completely into a solvent
insoluble
A homogeneous mixture where a solute dissolves completely into a solvent.
soluble
The process of separating ions from one another
dissociation
The degree to which a solute dissolves in a solvent
solubility
The point at which no more solute is able to dissolve
saturated
A solution in which more solute could be dissolved, solute concentration is less than predicted by solubility properties.
unsaturated
When the amount of solute dissolved exceeds the solubility. Occurs when a
solution is saturated and the temperature slowly drops
supersaturated
Molecules mix well with one another, and form a homogeneous mixture.
miscible
Molecules don’t mix well together, and form a heterogeneous mixture exhibiting a
noticeable bilayer.
immiscible
Describes the number of moles of particles that dissociate from solid
van’t Hoff factor
Mathematically describes the relationship between the vapor pressure of the solution and the solute concentration
Henry’s law
Moles of solute per liter of solution (mol/L).
molarity (M)
Moles of solute per kilogram of solvent (mol/kg).
molality (m)
The weight of solute divided by the weight of solution, expressed as a
percentage.
weight percent (w/w)
The number of particles of a certain solute divided by the total number of particles in a solution, converted to number of particles of solute per one million particles of solution.
parts per million (ppm)
The process of lowering the concentration of a solution by adding more solvent.
dilution
Solution properties which are dependent strictly on the amount of solute added and not the type of solute added.
colligative property
A property describing the decrease in freezing point observed when a
solute is added to a pure solvent.
freezing point depression
