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CHEM - Miskowitz > Chapter 2 - Atomic Structure > Flashcards

Chapter 2 - Atomic Structure Flashcards

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1
Q

Fundamental,indivisibleparticlesthatmakeupmatter

A

atom

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2
Q

Statesthatthemassofareactantmustequalthemassoftheproductforany
chemicalprocess.

A

lawofconservationofmass

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3
Q

Anegativelychargedparticlethathasaverysmallmasscomparedtothemassofothersubatomic particlesandsurroundstheatom

A

electron

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4
Q

Anexperiment,ledbyJ.J.Thomson,whichproposedthattheatomwascomprisedof negativelychargedparticlesinadispersefieldofpositivelychargedparticles

A

plumpuddingmodel

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5
Q

Anexperiment,ledbyErnestRutherford,whichproposedthatatomsconsistofasmall positivelychargednucleussurroundedbynegativelychargedelectrons.

A

goldfoilexperiment

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6
Q

Apositivelychargedparticlethathasarelativelylargemasscomparedtoelectrons.Protonscanbefound inthenucleusoftheatom

A

proton

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7
Q

Anunchargedparticlewithamassnearlyequaltothatoftheproton.Neutronscanbefoundinthe
nucleusoftheatom

A

neutron

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8
Q

Thenumberofprotonsinthenucleusofeachatomofanelement.

A

atomicnumber

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9
Q

Thetotalnumberofprotonsandneutronsinanatom

A

massnumber

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10
Q

Theshorthandnotationofthecompositionofanyatomusingtheatomicnumber(Z)andthemass
number(A)

A

A­-Znotation

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11
Q

Atomsthathavethesameatomicnumberbutdifferentmassnumbersduetoadifferenceinthenumber ofneutrons

A

isotopes

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12
Q

Thepercentageofatomsofaparticularisotopeinanaturallyoccurringsampleofthepure element

A

percentabundance

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13
Q

Theweightedaverageoftheatomicmassesofthenaturallyoccurringisotopesofanelement

A

atomicmass

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14
Q

Thenucleusofanunstableatomemitsenergyintheformofalphaparticles,betaparticlesand gammarays

A

radioactivedecay

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15
Q

Positivelychargedparticleconsistingoftwoneutronsandtwoprotonsemittedfromanunstable nucleus(equivalenttothenucleusofhelium)

A

alphaparticle

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16
Q

Highenergyelectronemittedfromanunstablenucleus

A

betaparticle

17
Q

Highenergyelectromagneticenergyemittedfromanunstablenucleus

A

gammarays

18
Q

Whenmostsubstancesareheatedtohighenoughtemperaturesthattheygiveofflightof variouswavelengths

A

emissionspectra

19
Q

Theregioninspaceinwhichanelectronismostlikelytobefound

A

orbital

20
Q

Thesetoforbitalsoccupiedbyelectronsinagivenatom

A

electronconfiguration

21
Q

Theelectronconfigurationofanatominitsneutralstateinwhichtheelectronsoccupythelowest
possibleenergylevels

A

groundstate

22
Q

Statesthatalllowerenergyorbitalsmustbefilledbeforeelectronscanbeaddedtoahigher
energyorbital

A

Aufbauprinciple

23
Q

Statesthatnotwoelectronsinsameatomcanhavethesamesetoffourquantum
numbers

A

Pauliexclusionprinciple

24
Q

Statesthatinasetoforbitalsthatareenergeticallyequivalent,eachorbitalisoccupiedbyasingle
electronbeforeanyorbitalwithinthesetisoccupiedbyasecondelectron.

A

Hund’srule

25
Q

Ashorthandfortheelectronconfigurationofanatominwhichtheelementalsymbolofthelast
noblegaspriortothatelementintheperiodictableiswrittenfirst,followedbytheconfigurationoftheremaining electrons.

A

noblegasnotation

26
Q

Thesetoforbitalsoccupiedbyelectronsinagivenatom.

A

electronconfiguration

27
Q

Theelectronconfigurationofanatominitsneutralstateinwhichtheelectronsoccupythelowest possibleenergylevels.

A

groundstate

CHEM - Miskowitz (14 decks)

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