Chapter 3 Part 2 Flashcards
Determines cells shape and organizes cellular contents
Cytoskeleton
Include the microfilaments intermediate filaments and microfiber
Filaments
Short hair like projections at cell surface moves fluids along cell
Cilia
Located in sperm cell
Flagella
Produce protein for inside use
Free ribosomes
Located on rough ER produce proteins for outside use
Membrane bound ribosomes
1.rough ER 2.smooth ER detoxifies drugs and amounts increase during drug tolerance
Endoplasmic reticulum
Sorts packages and transports proteins received from rough ER
Golgi Complex
Formed by Golgi complex and contains digestive enzymes-digest worn out organelles by autophagy and can destroy entire cell by autolysis
Lysosomes
Produces most of the cells ATP -abundant in active cells -self replicate -outer and inner folds increase surface area
Mitochondria “powerhouse”
Is the central cavity
Matrix
Contains chromosomes (DNA) that controls cells activities
Nucleus
Encloses nucleus
Nuclear envelope
Located in nucleus; produces ribosomes
Nucleolus
Contains 46 chromosomes
Human somatic body cells
DNA segments
Genes
Equal to the total number of genes in a cell; about 30,000
Human genome
May consist of a single or identical double strands
Chromosomes (DNA)
Are chromosomes in a non dividing cell
Chromatin
DNA contains instructions for producing proteins , 2 steps
Protein synthesis
1.information contained in a specific region of DNA in transcribed (copied) to mRNA 2.mRNA (messenger) is translated (read) into cytoplasm into a specific sequence of amino acids to form a new protein
Protein synthesis
Occurs in nucleus
Transcription
Starts transcription
Promoter gene
Stops transcription
Terminator gene
