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Chapter 27 Flashcards

1
Q

Represents PERSONALIZED approach to healthy food choices

A

Food pyramid

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2
Q

Calorie intake based on______

A

Gender,age and activity level

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3
Q

USDA recommend a DAILY dietary intake in healthy moderate ____ yr olds

A

18 yr olds

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4
Q

Types of nutrients

A
  1. Carbohydrates
  2. lipids
  3. proteins
  4. water
  5. minerals
  6. vitamins
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5
Q

How many calories a day for a female

A

About 2000/ cal a day

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6
Q

How many calories a day for a male

A

About 2800 cal/ a day

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7
Q

_______ % calories from carbonhydrates with less then 15 % simple (sweet) sugars

A

50-60%

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8
Q

Less then ____% from FATS with less then ____% SATURATED FATS

A

30%

10%

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9
Q

_____% from PROTEINS

A

12-15%

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10
Q

Each gram of protein or carbonhydrate produces ___ CALORIES of energy

A

4

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11
Q

EACH GRAM of fat produces ___ calories of energy

A

A (1)

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12
Q

Healthy eating guidelines

1.Eat a ___ of foods

A

VARIETY

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13
Q

Healthy eating guidelines

2. Maintain _____

A

HEALTHY WEIGHT

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14
Q

Healthy eating guidelines

3. Eat foods ___insaturated fats & cholesterol

A

LOW

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15
Q

The body uses ______ & _______ as energy and building materials

A

Carbonhydrates & proteins

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16
Q

Involved in CHEMICAL REACTIONS

A

Minerals

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17
Q

Most abundant mineral

A

Calcium

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18
Q

Hemoglobin

A

Iron

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19
Q

Nerve & muscle action potentials

A

Sodium and potassium

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20
Q

Involved in chemical reactions

A

Vitamins

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21
Q

Fat soluble ,,_ and _ vitamins

A

A,D,E and K vitamins

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22
Q

Absorbs dietary CALCIUM and is associated with RICKETS and OSTEOMALACIA

A

Vitamin D

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23
Q

Involved in blood CLOTTING

24
Q

Antioxidant and promotes COLLAGEN formation

25
REQUIRES energy FROM ATP to form LARGER molecules
Anabolism (metabolism)
26
TRANSFERS energy TO ATP by BREAKING down larger molecules
Catabolism
27
MAIN source of ATP production
Glucose
28
______ and _____ are converted to glucose
FRUTOSE AND GALATOSE
29
EXCESS glucose (____ grams) forms fats
500 grams
30
COMPLETE CATABOLISM of 1 glucose molecule produces __-___ ATP
36-38 ATP
31
ANAEROBIC process occurs in cytsosol
Glycolysis
32
Aerobic PROCESS OCCURS in MITOCHONDRIA
Krebs cycle and electron transport chain
33
Increase INSULIN production,permitting GLUCOSE transports INTO CELLS forming glycogen and blood glucose is LOWERED
HIGH blood | Glucose levels
34
Increase GLYCOGEN EPINEPHRINE, CORTISOL production stimulations
LOW blood glucose levels
35
GLYCOGEN BREAKDOWN and LIPID and PROTEIN breakdown by _____ resulting in an increase INCREASE in blood GLUCOSE levels
Gluconeogenis
36
Increase INSULIN production, permitting GLUCOSE transports INTO CELLS forming glycogen and blood glucose is LOWERED
HIGH blood glucose levels
37
Increase GLYCOGEN,EPINEPHRINE and CORTISOL production stimulating
LOW blood glucose levels
38
GLYCOGEN BREAKDOWN and LIPID and PROTEIN breakdown by ________ resulting in an INCREASE in blood GLUCOSE levels
GLUCONEOGENIS (glucose regulation)
39
triglyceride BREAKDOWN forms fatty acids and _______
KETONE BODIES (lipid catabolism) (lipolysis)
40
______ and _____ may form excessive ketone bodies -----> ACETONE (sweet breathe)
DIABETICS And AlCOHOLICS
41
This may result in ______an abnormally LOW PH that may result in death
KETOACIDOSIS
42
____ are hydroPHOBIC (insoluble in water); combine with proteins to form lipoproteins that transport lipids
Lipids
43
EXCESSIVE carbonhydrates and proteins form fats
LIPID ANABOLISM
44
UNLIMITED storage capacity ; most stored in _____
SUBCUTANEOUS LAYER
45
(Lipoprotein types) 1.Transports dietary fats
Chylomicrons
46
_____ "bad" lipoproteins (LDLS); INCREASE risk of coronary artery disease
Low density
47
_____ "good"lipoproteins (HDL'S) DECREASE risk of coronary artery disease
HIGH DENSITY
48
Unlike carbonhydrates & fats PROTEINS NOT STORED for future use
Protein metabolism
49
Involved DEAMATATION removal of a amino group for ATP formation
Protein CATABOLISM
50
Requires ESSENTIAL and NON ESSENTIAL amino acids
Protein ANABOLISM
51
Metabolic rate INCREASED by
* EXERCISE * THYROID hormones * SYMPHATIC nervous system * INGESTION of food
52
Body heat transfer | 1. Objects transfer heat WITHOUT physical contact
Radiation
53
Body heat transfer | 2.objects transfers heat WITH physical contact
CONDUCTION
54
Body heat transfer. 3.Heat transfers heat by MOVEMENT of liquid or gas
CONVECTION
55
Conversion of water to VAPOR
EVAPORATION
56
Controlled by NEGATIVE feedback I'm hypothalamus
Body temperature REGULATION
57
PYROGENS released from phagocytes reset internal body thermostat to higher temperature causing ____
SHIVERING

Anatomy (32 decks)

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