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Anatomy > Chapter 15 Part 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 15 Part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Short distance signals that form action potentials

A

Graded potentials

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2
Q

Long distance signals sent to effectors

A

Action potentials

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3
Q

Leakage,ligand and voltage

A

Ion channels

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4
Q

Internal charge difference between inside of neuron compared to outside

A

Membrane potential (MP)

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5
Q

Neurons have a more negative charge inside and a more positive charge outside

A

Membrane potential (MP)

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6
Q

This produces a polarized charged neuron at rest equal to -70 mV (RMP$

A

Membrane potential (MP)

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7
Q

Higher concentration of ___ ions outside of neurons (ECF)

A

Na+

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8
Q

Higher concentration of __ ions inside neuron (cytosol/ICF)

A

K+

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9
Q

Small changes in RMP(-70mV)

A

Graded potentials

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10
Q

Results in a more positive internal charge and has an excitatory effect

A

Depolarization

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11
Q

Restores internal charge back to resting charge of -70mV

A

Repolarization

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12
Q

Results in a more negative internal charge than -70mV and has a inhibitory effect

A

Hyperpolarization

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13
Q

Form action potentials at ___

A

Threshold

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14
Q

All or none principle states an internal charge of -55mV (threshold) will produce

A

Action potentials

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15
Q

Occurs in 2 phases both are positive feedback processes

A

Depolarizing and repolarizing

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16
Q

Results in a more positive, excitatory internal charge by opening Na+ channels

A

Depolarization

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17
Q

Na + flows into

A

Neuron

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18
Q

As threshold is reached an action potential is produced

A

Toppling dominoes

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19
Q

Restores charge back to -70mV by opening K+ channels, K+ flow out of neuron causing dominoes to stand upright

A

Repolarization

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20
Q

The delay time required for a neuron to produce another action potential

A

Refractory period

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21
Q

A second Ap cannot be produced ;domino on its side

A

Absolute

22
Q

A second AP can be produced; domino partially upright

A

Relative

23
Q

Occurs in u myelinated neurons and is slower dominoes topple at each segment of axon

A

Continuous

24
Q

Occurs in myelinated neurons and is faster dominoes topple only at nodes of ranvier

A

Saltatory

25
Q

Affected by 3 factors axon diameter of neuron

A

Conduction speed

26
Q

Largest diameter myelinated and fastest

A

A neurons

27
Q

Intermediate diameter

A

B neurons

28
Q

Smallest diameter,unmyelinated slowest and conduct pain impulses

A

C neurons

29
Q

Conduction speed has the presence of

A

Myelin sheath

30
Q

Ice reduces pain by decreasing conduction speed

A

Temperature

31
Q

Myelinated neurons conduct impulses the fastest when heat is applied

A

Large diameter

32
Q

Does not affect conduction speed

A

Strength of stimulus

33
Q

Send impulse

A

Presynaptic

34
Q

Receives impulse

A

Postsynaptic

35
Q

Involve gap junctions and are faster

A

Electrical synapses

36
Q

Involve the release of neurotransmitters triggered by ca2+

A

Chemical synapses

37
Q

Produce excitatory Postsynaptic potentials (EPSPS) by opening Na+ channels -neuron is more likely to reach threshold

A

Excitatory neurotransmitters

38
Q

Na+ flows into Postsynaptic neuron resulting in a more _______internal charge

A

Positive (depolarized) (excitatory neurotransmitters )

39
Q

Produce inhibitory Postsynaptic potentials (IPSPS) by opening K+ channels -flows out of Postsynaptic neuron resulting in a more
Negative (hyper polarized) internal charge -neuron is less likely to reach threshold

A

Inhibitory neurotransmitters

40
Q

Produced only when several EPSPS cause internal charge to reach threshold (-55mV)

A

Nerve impulses

41
Q

-Enzymatic degradation- reuptake my Neurons

A

Neurotransmitter removal

42
Q

Is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor commonly used to treat depression

A

Prozac

43
Q

Enhance

A

Agonist

44
Q

Block neurotransmitter actions

A

Antagonist

45
Q

Has excitatory effects in brain

A

Glutamate

46
Q

Has inhibitory effects in brain

A

GABA

47
Q

Commonly used for anxiety is a GABA agonist enhancing inhibitory (calming) effect

A

Valium

48
Q

Enables neurons to change by forming new dendrites and synaptic connections with other neurons

A

Plastiscity

49
Q

Axons and dendrites may repair if ___

A

Neuron cell body remains intact

50
Q

Does not form too rapidly

A

Scar tissue

51
Q

Neurons are electrically excitable due to charge differences across plasma membrane resulting in the flow of ions through channels

A

Electrical signals in neurons

Anatomy (32 decks)

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