Chapter 15 Part 2

Question 1

Short distance signals that form action potentials

Answer 1

Graded potentials

Question 2

Long distance signals sent to effectors

Answer 2

Action potentials

Question 3

Leakage,ligand and voltage

Answer 3

Ion channels

Question 4

Internal charge difference between inside of neuron compared to outside

Answer 4

Membrane potential (MP)

Question 5

Neurons have a more negative charge inside and a more positive charge outside

Answer 5

Membrane potential (MP)

Question 6

This produces a polarized charged neuron at rest equal to -70 mV (RMP$

Answer 6

Membrane potential (MP)

Question 7

Higher concentration of ___ ions outside of neurons (ECF)

Answer 7

Na+

Question 8

Higher concentration of __ ions inside neuron (cytosol/ICF)

Answer 8

K+

Question 9

Small changes in RMP(-70mV)

Answer 9

Graded potentials

Question 10

Results in a more positive internal charge and has an excitatory effect

Answer 10

Depolarization

Question 11

Restores internal charge back to resting charge of -70mV

Answer 11

Repolarization

Question 12

Results in a more negative internal charge than -70mV and has a inhibitory effect

Answer 12

Hyperpolarization

Question 13

Form action potentials at ___

Answer 13

Threshold

Question 14

All or none principle states an internal charge of -55mV (threshold) will produce

Answer 14

Action potentials

Question 15

Occurs in 2 phases both are positive feedback processes

Answer 15

Depolarizing and repolarizing

Question 16

Results in a more positive, excitatory internal charge by opening Na+ channels

Answer 16

Depolarization

Question 17

Na + flows into

Answer 17

Neuron

Question 18

As threshold is reached an action potential is produced

Answer 18

Toppling dominoes

Question 19

Restores charge back to -70mV by opening K+ channels, K+ flow out of neuron causing dominoes to stand upright

Answer 19

Repolarization

Question 20

The delay time required for a neuron to produce another action potential

Answer 20

Refractory period

Question 21

A second Ap cannot be produced ;domino on its side

Answer 21

Absolute

Question 22

A second AP can be produced; domino partially upright

Answer 22

Relative

Question 23

Occurs in u myelinated neurons and is slower dominoes topple at each segment of axon

Answer 23

Continuous

Question 24

Occurs in myelinated neurons and is faster dominoes topple only at nodes of ranvier

Answer 24

Saltatory

Question 25

Affected by 3 factors axon diameter of neuron

Answer 25

Conduction speed

Question 26

Largest diameter myelinated and fastest

Answer 26

A neurons

Question 27

Intermediate diameter

Answer 27

B neurons

Question 28

Smallest diameter,unmyelinated slowest and conduct pain impulses

Answer 28

C neurons

Question 29

Conduction speed has the presence of

Answer 29

Myelin sheath

Question 30

Ice reduces pain by decreasing conduction speed

Answer 30

Temperature

Question 31

Myelinated neurons conduct impulses the fastest when heat is applied

Answer 31

Large diameter

Question 32

Does not affect conduction speed

Answer 32

Strength of stimulus

Question 33

Send impulse

Answer 33

Presynaptic

Question 34

Receives impulse

Answer 34

Postsynaptic

Question 35

Involve gap junctions and are faster

Answer 35

Electrical synapses

Question 36

Involve the release of neurotransmitters triggered by ca2+

Answer 36

Chemical synapses

Question 37

Produce excitatory Postsynaptic potentials (EPSPS) by opening Na+ channels -neuron is more likely to reach threshold

Answer 37

Excitatory neurotransmitters

Question 38

Na+ flows into Postsynaptic neuron resulting in a more _______internal charge

Answer 38

Positive (depolarized) (excitatory neurotransmitters )

Question 39

Produce inhibitory Postsynaptic potentials (IPSPS) by opening K+ channels -flows out of Postsynaptic neuron resulting in a more Negative (hyper polarized) internal charge -neuron is less likely to reach threshold

Answer 39

Inhibitory neurotransmitters

Question 40

Produced only when several EPSPS cause internal charge to reach threshold (-55mV)

Answer 40

Nerve impulses

Question 41

-Enzymatic degradation- reuptake my Neurons

Answer 41

Neurotransmitter removal

Question 42

Is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor commonly used to treat depression

Answer 42

Prozac

Question 43

Enhance

Answer 43

Agonist

Question 44

Block neurotransmitter actions

Answer 44

Antagonist

Question 45

Has excitatory effects in brain

Answer 45

Glutamate

Question 46

Has inhibitory effects in brain

Answer 46

GABA

Question 47

Commonly used for anxiety is a GABA agonist enhancing inhibitory (calming) effect

Answer 47

Valium

Question 48

Enables neurons to change by forming new dendrites and synaptic connections with other neurons

Answer 48

Plastiscity

Question 49

Axons and dendrites may repair if ___

Answer 49

Neuron cell body remains intact

Question 50

Does not form too rapidly

Answer 50

Scar tissue

Question 51

Neurons are electrically excitable due to charge differences across plasma membrane resulting in the flow of ions through channels

Answer 51

Electrical signals in neurons