Chapter 3 Notes

Question 1

We classify disorders because it may contain information about etiology, comorbidity, and prognosis, explain what these terms mean

Answer 1

Etiology = tells us what the risk factors are

Comorbity = other things that go along with it (like another disease

Prognosis = what’s gonna happen if its not treated

Question 2

What are the downsides of diagnosing

Answer 2

• A diagnosis shouldn’t define the person
• might get sloppy after diagnosing
• Labelling

Question 3

What is the Validity and Utility of a classification system

Answer 3

Validity = does It reflect the true nature of people and disorders

Utility = How useful is it in understanding those things

Question 4

Psychiatry has tended to adopt a categorical approach to classification, what does this mean

Answer 4

dog/cat, man/women, (basically into categories)

Question 5

psychology tends to use a dimensional approach to classification rather than categorical, what does this mean

Answer 5

dimensional is counting the frequency and how many times it occurs, rather than categories

Question 6

What types of analysis allow us to analyze data from groups of people that allow natural categories, groups, or factors to emerge

Answer 6

Factor analysis and Cluster analysis

Question 7

What are the 3 characteristics of mental disorders

Answer 7

1. signs and symptoms are unusual
2. potentially harmful
3. they are non-deliberate (irresistible)

Question 8

How many Canadians report symptoms consistent with a disorder such as substance abuse, mood disturbance, or anxiety

Answer 8

one in ten

Question 9

What disorders are the most common

Answer 9

Anxiety and Mood disorders

Question 10

Ones ability to resist falling into a mental illness despite biological, individual, and social factors is called _____________-.

Answer 10

Resilience

Question 11

What was removed from the DSM-5

Answer 11

multiaxial diagnosis

Question 12

what are 5 complaints of the DSM

Answer 12

1. lack of openness
2. overrepresentation of biological views
3. 70% of task-force members have links to pharmaceutical companies
4. concerns about validity and reliability
5. drew reactions from apa members

Question 13

The DSM contains a categorical system, why might this be an issue

Answer 13

because in a categorical system, there’s no way to add the possibility of an overlap

Question 14

Diagnostic definitions can be Monothetic or Polythetic, what do these mean

Answer 14

Monothetic = clinical representation of disorder is homogeneous meaning all look pretty much the same

Polythetic = there are many different diagnostic criteria for the same disorder (there are several factors to it, and some might not meet all the criteria)

Question 15

Cultural relevance must be carefully considered when making a diagnosis, which dsm version was the first to provide good information to enhance this area

Answer 15

DSM-IV

Question 16

What is the difference between Sensitivity snd Specificity

Answer 16

Sensitivity = reflects an instruments ability to avoid false negatives

Specificity = reflects an instruments ability to avoid false positives

Question 17

What are the 3 DISADVANTAGES of the DSM

Answer 17

1) doesn’t always distinguish between normal reactions and serious pathology
2) may be over sensitive, and insufficiently specific
3)diagnostic reliability is suboptimal