Assessment - Intellectual and cognitive (notes)

Question 1

what percentage of variability in intelligence scores is due to genetic factors

Answer 1

40-80%

Question 2

what effects the extent to which individuals achieve their full genetic potential?

Answer 2

Environment

Question 3

How many genes are associated with intellectual disability?

Answer 3

280

Question 4

what seems to be associated with higher IQ among babies born prematurely?

Answer 4

Breast-feeding

Question 5

What are three protective factors of lowering of IQ

Answer 5

Best feeding

Higher SES in children adopted from low SES homes

Aerobic exercise in older adults

Question 6

what are the three reasons to assess intelligence?

Answer 6

1. To identify possible impairments, weaknesses and strengths. (so we can leverage these strengths)
2. to identify appropriate learning environments.
3. to make recommendations for modifying work at home environments

Question 7

calculating IQ stems from a desire to _______???

Answer 7

Compare peoples mental functioning to their chronological age.

Question 8

what is the calculation for IQ?

Answer 8

Mental age, divided by chronological age times 100

Question 9

Deficits and strength start to become more apparent as one ages, this can pose as a problem to calculating IQ. What is a solution?

Answer 9

Standardizing the scores, according to a fixed mean, and standard deviation

Question 10

in IQ scores, who wanted to switch from ratio to deviation to fix this problem

Answer 10

Wechler

Question 11

there are many different definitions of intelligence, but almost all definitions incorporate five points, what are the points?

Answer 11

1. Abstract thinking
2. Learning from experience.
3. Solving novel problems through insight (situations we haven’t encountered)
4. Adjusting adaptively to new situations and demands.
5. Focussing and sustaining cognitive resources towards the realization of a goal (paying attention and holding that attention)

Question 12

there are three broad categories into which most theories of intelligence fall. What are they?

Answer 12

Factor models
Hierarchal models
Information processing models

Question 13

What is the central assumption of the factor models?

Answer 13

That there is a core set of underlying intellectual domains that combines to determine one’s level of performance on any given task, for example, the two factor model proposed by Spearman

Question 14

explain what G and S mean in factor models

Answer 14

There is a primary factor known as G (general) and specific factors known as S (specific).

Question 15

another factor model was proposed by Thurston and it embodies similar reasoning, but down plays the role of ___ and instead of assigns, higher importance to group of factors, known as ___________ _________ ___________

Answer 15

G, Primary Mental Abilites

Question 16

what is an example of a hierarchal model?

Answer 16

Horne and cattle distinguished between fluid intelligence and crystallized intelligence

Question 17

what is the difference between fluid intelligence and crystallized intelligence?

Answer 17

Fluid intelligence reflects the ability to solve novel problems, solving problems you have not seen before
Crystallized intelligence develops on the basis of formal things You’ve learned in the past, and the ability to combine skills. 

Question 18

both crystallized and fluid intelligence are considered to be ______ factors. 

Answer 18

General factors (g)

Question 19

cognitive information processing models. Focus on what?

Answer 19

The way information is processed in the brain, for example, the Triarchic Model

Question 20

what are the three components of the triarchic model

Answer 20

1. Componential abilities. (executive functioning like organizing info, weying pros and cons)
2. Experiential abilities. (novel problem-solving)
3. Contextual abilities. (adapting to environment as a means of coping)

Question 21

what did Gardner anticipate about standard tests

Answer 21

That unique configurations of intellectual ability are not always recognized by standard tests

Question 22

what is Guilfords structure of intelligence theory

Answer 22

There are 216 types of intelligence that are categorized into operations, content and products

Question 23

what are two other reasons to assess intellectual ability?

Answer 23

Estimating the extent of brain damage, following traumatic brain injury, and tracking the process of an age degenerative condition like Alzheimer’s disease