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Anatomy and Physiology 1 > Chapter 3 Lecture 4 - Membrane Transport types and tonicity and osmolarity > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Lecture 4 - Membrane Transport types and tonicity and osmolarity Flashcards

1
Q

Selective permeability

A

Allows certain things through, some not

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2
Q

4 movement types

A
  • Filtration
  • Diffusion
  • Osmosis
  • Carrier mediate transport
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3
Q

3 Passive Transport types

A
  • Filtration
  • Diffusion
  • Osmosis
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4
Q

2 Active transport types

A

Carrier-mediated transport

Vesicular transport

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5
Q

Types of carrier-mediated transport

A
  • Facilitated diffusion
  • Active transport
  • Secondary active transport
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6
Q

Filtration

A

Physical pressure forces fluid through selectively permeable membrane

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7
Q

Examples of filtration

A

Coffee filter, Capillaries

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8
Q

Diffusion

A

Net movement of particles from high to low

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9
Q

Rate of diffusion depends on

A
  • Steepness of concentration gradient
  • Viscosity
  • Temperature (higher temperature, faster rates)
  • Molecular weight
  • Membrane surface area
  • Permeability
  • Number of ion channels
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10
Q

Osmosis

A

Diffusion of water across selectively permeable membranes

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11
Q

Aquaporin

A

Water channel proteins

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12
Q

Rate of osmosis depends on

A

relative concentration of the non-permeating solutes on either side of the membrane

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13
Q

Vesicular transport

A

Movement of molecules in/out of cell in vesicles

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14
Q

Vesicles

A

Small, liquid/cytoplasm filled structures surrounded by bilayer

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15
Q

What is vesicular transport used for

A

Movement of large or many molecules and fluid droplets

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16
Q

Types of vesicular transport

A
  • Endocytosis
  • Exocytosis
  • Transcytosis
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17
Q

Endocytosis

A

Taking in substances

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18
Q

Types of Endocytosis

A
  • Phagocytosis
  • Pinocytosis
  • Receptor-mediated
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19
Q

Exocytosis

A

Expultion of substances

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20
Q

Transcytosis

A

From 1 side of the side to another

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21
Q

Phagocytosis

A

Cellular eating, engulfment of particles within phagosome using pseudopods

22
Q

Phagosome

A

Type of vesicle that’s in the cytoplasm surrounded by membrane

23
Q

Where does phagocytosis happen

A

In few specialized cells

24
Q

Steps to phagocytosis

A
  1. Pseudopods extend around target
  2. Pseudopods fuse to form phagosome
  3. Phagosome fuses with lysosome, forms phagolysosome
  4. Target particles digested
25
Q

Pinocytosis

A

Cellular drinking, brings fluid in cell

26
Q

Where does pinocytosis happen

A

In all cells

27
Q

Steps to pinocytosis

A
  1. Cell membrane dimples inward

2. Ends of dimples fuse to form pinocytic vesicle

28
Q

Examples of cells in which pinocytosis commonly happens

A

Endothelial cells of capillaries, kidney and liver

29
Q

Receptor mediated endocytosis

A

Receptors and ligands initiate vesicle formation

30
Q

Steps of receptor mediated endocytosis

A
  1. Ligands bind to receptors on membrane
  2. Receptors cluster together
  3. Plasma membrane sinks inward to form pit with peripheral protein called clathrin
  4. Pit separates from membrane to form clathrin coated vesicle
31
Q

Clathrin

A

Address label to direct vesicle to right place or to tell the cell what to do with vesicle

32
Q

Steps to exocytosis

A
  1. Waste vesicle travels to plasma membrane
  2. Vesicle binds to membrane via linking proteins
  3. Membrane caves in toward vesicle
  4. Membrane and vesicle fuse
  5. Molecules released
33
Q

How does transcytosis work

A

Combines endo and exocytosis to take molecules into the cell and then take them out at another place

34
Q

Where is transcytosis common

A

In absorptive cells

35
Q

Osmolarity

A

Osmotic concentration of body fluids

36
Q

How is osmolarity calculated (words)

A

Quantity of osmotically active particles (solutes) per liter

37
Q

What is osmolarity expressed in

A

mOsm/L

38
Q

Tonicity

A

Ability of a solution to affect the fluid volume/pressure of a cell

39
Q

Examples of calculations of osmolarity

A
  • Glucose does not dissolve in water, forms 1 molecule in H2O, 1mM of glucose = 1mOsM (milliosmolar) of glucose
  • NaCl dissolves into N+ and Cl- in H2O, usually forms 2 molecules, 1mM of NaCl = 1.8mOsM of NaCl
40
Q

Human body osmolarity

A

280-296 mOsM

41
Q

Isosmotic/Hyperosmotic/Hypoosmotic (What do they compare)

A

Comparative, compare osmolarity of any solutions

42
Q

Isosmotic

A

Equal number of particles per unit volume

43
Q

Hyperosmotic

A

More dissolved solutes

44
Q

Hypoosmotic

A

Fewer dissolved solutes

45
Q

Hypotonic

A

Causes cell to swell with fluid, less non-penetrating solutes

46
Q

Isotonic

A

No change, equal non penetrating solutes

47
Q

Hypertonic

A

Causes cell to shrink, more non penetrating solutes

48
Q

What is an equally important factor of tonicity

A

Type of solute

49
Q

What kind of solute contributes to tonicity

A

Non permeating

50
Q

Osmolarity VS Tonicity

A

Osmolarity is quantifiable, compares any two solutions, tonicity is strictly comparative, only for solution to cell, osmolarity alone DOES NOT predict tonicity

51
Q

Rules of relationship of osmolarity to tonicity

A

Hyperosmotic are not always hypertonic but hypoosmotic solutitons are ALWAYS hypotonic

Anatomy and Physiology 1 (20 decks)

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