Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy and Physiology 1 > Chapter 2 Lecture 4 - Organic Compounds, Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, Nucleotides > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Lecture 4 - Organic Compounds, Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, Nucleotides Flashcards

1
Q

Organic Compound

A

Any compound containing Carbon and any functional group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Why carbon?

A
  1. Common
  2. 4 Valence electrons
  3. Binds to other carbons, forms complex backbones
  4. Forms variety of covalent bonds
  5. Versatile (can bond to many other atoms)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Functional Group

A

Small cluster of atoms that determines properties of organic compounds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Examples of Functional Groups

A 
Hydroxyl
Methyl
Carboxyl
Amino
Phosphate
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Monomer

A

Single building block of a larger molecule, can exist independently

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Dimer

A

Two monomers bound together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Oligomers

A

Small group of bound monomers (<10)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Polymers

A

Long chain of monomers (>10)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Dehydration Synthesis

A

Reaction that forms polymers by chemically combining monomer units

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is released during Dehydration Synthesis

A

Water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Process of Dehydration Synthesis

A

2 OH groups react, H2O is released, remaining O binds monomers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Hydrolysis

A

Large reactant is broken down to form smaller products through addition of water.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the four major macromolecules

A

Lipids
Carbs
Proteins
Nucleic Acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are carbs made out of

A

Carbon, and 2:1 ratio of H to O

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Examples of carbs

A

Glucose, Lactose, Glycogen, Starch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

3 Monosaccharides

A

Glucose, Galactose, Fructose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

2 Disaccharides

A

Lactose, Maltose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

1 Polysaccharide

A

Glycogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the main function of carbs

A

Immediate energy storage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Main energy storage carb for humans?

A

glycogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Lipid

A

Long chain of hydrocarbons, hydrophobic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What organelle are lipids most vital in

A

Plasma membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Types of Lipids

A
  • Fatty acids
  • Triglycerides
  • Phospholipids
  • Steroids
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Fatty acid

A

Chains of arbon atoms with a carboxyl on one end, and a methyl on the other end

25
Q

Main function of fatty acids

A

Energy storage

26
Q

What do fatty acids form

A

Triglycerides

27
Q

Triglyceride

A

3 fatty acids + glycerol

28
Q

How are triglycerides formed

A

Dehydration synthesis between three OH of glycerol and 3 OH of fatty acids

29
Q

Phospholipids

A

Glycerol with two fatty acids and a phosphate group. Make up phospholipid bilayer

30
Q

Steroids

A

At least 17 carbons arranged in rings, components of cell membrane

31
Q

Saturated fat

A

Fatty acid that has max number of H atoms

32
Q

Unsaturated fat

A

2 Carbons bound by double bonds, fewer H

33
Q

Polyunsaturated

A

Multiple double bonds

34
Q

Physiologically, which is better, saturated or unsaturated

A

Unsaturated

35
Q

What is special about phospholipids

A

They are amphipathic. They have a polar head, non polar tail

36
Q

Amphipathic

A

Have polar and non polar components

37
Q

What is the most common steroid

A

Cholesterol

38
Q

What are the most physiologically relevant functions of steroids

A
  • Component of membranes

- Chemical signals

39
Q

What is an amino acid made up of

A

Amino group, central carbon with H and R group attached, and a carboxyl group

40
Q

How many different amino acids are there

A

20

41
Q

What bonds bind amino acids to form polypeptides

A

peptide bonds

42
Q

How are peptide bonds formed

A

Dehydration Synthesis. OH from COOH reacts with H from amino

43
Q

Primary Structure

A

Sequence of amino acids, determines further structures

44
Q

Secondary

A

Folded/coiled, 2D, H bonds, alpha helix, beta pleated sheet

45
Q

Tertiary

A

Further folded shape, 3D, R group interactions

46
Q

Quaternary

A

Combination of 2 or more polypeptide chains

47
Q

Functions of proteins

A

Cell structure, Communication, Membrane transport, Catallysts, Protection, Movement, Cell adhesion

48
Q

Enzymes

A

Proteins that catalyze reactions by lowering the activation energy

49
Q

Substrate

A

Substance(s) that go into an enzyme

50
Q

How do enzymes work

A

Substrates approach active site, enzyme-substrate complex formed, Products formed, enzyme releases products

51
Q

Nucleotide

A

Building blocks of nucleic acids

52
Q

What are nucleotides made up of

A

Nitrogen base, 5 Carbon sugar, Phosphate group

53
Q

What determines the name of a nucleotide

A

The nitrogen base

54
Q

What are the two main 5 carbon sugars in nucleotides

A

Ribose and Deoxyribose

55
Q

What part of the nucleotide increases the total energy

A

Phosphates

56
Q

ATP

A

Adenosine triphosphate, Energy currency

57
Q

What is ATP made up of

A

Adenine, Ribose, and 3 phosphates

58
Q

What is the function of ATP

A

TRANSPORT of energy

Anatomy and Physiology 1 (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions